Germplasm is the foundation of agriculture and a national strategic resource. The quality of seeds affects the production scale and potential of the overall planting industry. There are some problems in Chinast seed industry, such as incomplete and opaque industrial chain information and imperfect and unsafe seed traceability systems. This paper integrates blockchain technology into traditional seed information traceability and proposes a seed quality traceability model for distributed data storage. This paper uses Ethereum, Internet of Things, and terminal applications to design a threelayer architecture: application layer, Internet of things layer, and data storage layer. According to the characteristics of Ethereum and the requirements of system data storage and query, a distributed multidatabase storage mode is designed. The system stores the data information of each link from seed production to the circulation department. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain data information that cannot be tampered with, high transparency and traceability, it ensures that all data in the seed supply chain will not be changed or hidden by others to realize accurate traceability and rapid identification of seed quality. The system uses the smart contract algorithm to directly hit the source of the seed data to ensure the quality and safety of the purchased seeds and to provide information technology and service guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of seed consumers.

Fruit and vegetable picking is an important part of agricultural production, and it relies heavily on manual labor. The development and application of picking robots will greatly reduce labor dependence of picking operations. The picking robotic arm is a key part of the picking robot and a major focus of research on the picking robot. This paper classified the picking manipulators by the degree of freedom, and summarized the development process and research status of the picking manipulators in China and the rest of the world. Aiming at the problem of lack of standardized solutions in thechoice of freedom and configuration of the picking robotic arm for the same fruit and vegetable in the same cultivation mode, it is proposed that indepth integration of the picking manipulator research and agronomy is the key to solving the problem in future. At the same time, considering that the rigid body is difficult to adapt to the picking environment as well as the joint drive mode being single, it is believed that the flexible design of the picking manipulator body and the combined use of the drive mode will be the future development trend.

In order to improve the monitoring level of facility agricultural environment, a remote wireless monitoring system for agricultural greenhouse environment based on ESP32 module was designed. The system comprised of environmental information acquisition module, ESP32 control module, output module, and smartphone control terminal.The monitoring terminal APP was designed with blinker Internet of Things solution based on Android platform. Greenhouse environment temperature, humidity, light intensity, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration, access control and other environmental information was collected through sensors and sent to the remote monitoring mobile phone via WiFi network.The environmental information of the greenhouse was viewed and the relevant greenhouse equipment was controlled remotely using a mobile APP. The system physical prototype was manufactured and an experiment was carried out. The results showed that the lowest success rate of data transmission of the terminal was 97.3% and the average networks packet loss rate was 2.17%. The system has many advantages such as stable operation low cost,good real⁃time, high communication security,high reliability and easy operation.

With the continuous development of lotus root industry in China, the mechanized harvesting technology of lotus root has been paid more and more attention in China. The development of reliable lotus root harvesting machinery has become the most important part of the modernization process of lotus root industry in China. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed the characteristics and harvesting requirements of lotus root plants, compared and analyzed the lotus root harvesting machinery at home and abroad, summarized the types, advantages and disadvantages of lotus root harvesting machinery in China, listed the representative research and development achievements of lotus root harvesting machinery in China, and pointed out that the planting mode of lotus root was not uniform in China. The problems of low degree of automation and single mechanical structure and function of lotus root harvesting machinery were put forward. Combined with Chinas national conditions, some development suggestions were put forward, such as standardizing the regional standardized planting mode of lotus root, formulating the standard requirements of lotus root harvester and increasing the research on key technologies of lotus root harvesting machinery, so as to provide reference for the further development of lotus root harvesting machinery.

Tea stripping technology is a key technology in the processing of flat tea and needle tea, which has an important influence on the appearance and quality of tea. To this end, this paper summarizes the research progress of tea stripping technology and machine in our country, focusing on the impact on tea stripping from four aspects: the transmission structure of the stripping machine, the Ushaped grooves structure design, the heating method, and the control mode, and points out the problems of the tea stripping machine in terms of institutional innovation, heat energy utilization, processing standards, etc. And it should increase the research and development of the stripping machine, selecting new heating materials and strengthening the construction of tea processing information and other related development trends, as a new type of tea stripping machine provide reference for innovative design and innovation of the structure.

Yam planting in China has a long history and a wide range. Due to its own growth characteristics, geographical environment and planting mode, the mechanization degree of yam harvesting is relatively low, and manual harvesting is mostly used. With the development of industrial structure, the development degree of yam harvesting mechanization directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. This paper analyzes the planting characteristics of several yams in China, summarizes the main harvesting methods of several yams in China, expounds the research status and progress of main harvesting equipment and technology of yams such as walking system, transmission system, trenching system, soil turning vibration mechanism and positioning system, and briefly discusses the research on yam harvester in foreign countries. On this basis, it is pointed out that the mechanization of yam harvesting in China faces problems such as insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and planting environment, inconsistent planting mode, poor quality of harvesting machines and tools, lack of innovation and imperfect harvesting function, and relevant suggestions are put forward for the problems faced by the mechanized harvesting equipment of Yam as follows: developing the mechanized harvesting equipment of yam according to local conditions. Promoting the construction of planting regulations, learning from the development experience of developed countries, improving the innovation ability of core components, and developing combine harvesters.

To solve problems of background interference and information loss of ripe strawberries under natural state, a method for strawberry recognition was proposed based on deep residual learning in this study. Firstly, the depthwise separable convolution was introduced to reduce the residual network parameters, the features of ripe strawberries were extracted from different aspects, and the strawberries in the classification layer were identified through the crossentropy loss function. Additionally, the feature weights were learned by embedding compression and excitation modules, and feature recalibration was used to improve the learning and representation properties of the network. Finally, to further optimize the recognition results, the generalization ability of the model was improved by adding spatial pyramid pooling and weight decay optimization, which optimizes the recognition results. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with other current depth models, this method can effectively locate ripe strawberries under complex background and is not easily affected by the interference environment. With higher recognition accuracy and sensitivity, in data set C, the recognition accuracy and sensitivity are the highest, reaching 92.46% and 94.28%, respectively.

The key to intelligent development of greenhouse agriculture is researching autonomous mobile equipment in greenhouse. The current difficulty of the application of mobile equipment in greenhouse is how to make sure equipment moves safely, quickly and accurately. Combining the research status of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment at home and abroad in recent years, the application of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment was introduced. The research progress of navigation technology according to the different navigation modes was then emphatically expounded. In general, the routes of both guide rail type and tracking type were fixed, the costs of its installation and application were relatively high and their working ranges were small. The multi⁃source data fusion based on SLAM（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping） technology had the advantages of compact structure, autonomous path planning, high efficiency of navigation and obstacle avoidance, and large operation range. Finally, four prospects for the research and development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China were put forward which include development of electric powered robots, miniaturization and modularization of robot design, focusing on SLAM technology in greenhouse, and developing multi⁃functional universal mobile platforms. This research will provide reference for intelligent development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China.

 Under the background of global trade liberalization, it is of great significance to explore its impact on Chinas agricultural exports from the perspective of trade facilitation to enhance Chinas agricultural export competitiveness. This study selected the panel data of agricultural products exports between China and 10 ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019 and established four primary indicators such as infrastructure, customs environment, regulatory environment, and ecommerce, as well as aviation infrastructure, customs procedures, and 17 secondary indicators such as policy transparency are used to construct the evaluation index system of trade facilitation. The article used the extended gravity model to analyze the primary influencing factors of trade facilitation empirically. The results showed obvious differences in trade facilitation among ASEAN countries, and there was still much room for improvement. The infrastructure efficiency, customs environment, and regulatory environment in the primary indicators of trade facilitation in ASEAN had a significant positive effect on agricultural exports. In contrast, ecommerce had no significant impact on Chinas agricultural exports. Based on the empirical results, the study proposed that ASEAN trading countries should strengthen infrastructure construction, optimize the construction of customs and institutional environment, and improve domestic Internet technology and penetration rate from the perspective of development indicators of trade facilitation to promote the improvement of their trade facilitation level. At the same time, it also put forward from the perspective of China that different development countermeasures should be taken for countries with different development levels of ASEAN trade facilitation in order to promote Chinas agricultural exports.

Intelligent field weeding robots are an important manifestation of the modernization, refinement and intelligence of contemporary agricultural development, and are of great significance to national social development and environmental protection. In order to clarify the current research status of key technologies and equipment of intelligent weeding robots, the research status and operation modes of typical weeding robots were summarized from the aspects of weeding modes, identification and positioning of seedlings and grasses, and intelligent navigation modes. Then the importance and research progress of the key technologies of intelligent navigation, seedling and weed identification and weeding execution system were summarized. Combined with the research characteristics of weeding robot, such as complex and changeable operation environment, delicate operation object, special use object and seasonal operation, the existing problems of current key technologies were pointed out. According to the problems, the future development trends of integrated navigation technology, image processing technology of complex field environment, weed classification, research and development of interplant weeding terminal actuator and mechanical structure optimization are explained. 

Hanging cup transplanter has become a more widely used transplanting machine in transplanting operations because of its advantages of hole forming,  onetime transplanting,  and film covering operation. The hanging cup type planter is the main operating part of the hanging cup type transplanter. Different shapes of the hanging cup can affect the hole forming performance and planting quality of the transplanter. With the application of discrete element simulation software EDEM and multibody system dynamics analysis software RecurDyn,  the tear film size of two hanging cups with different shapes was analyzed by coupling simulation when the planting frequency was 72 plants/(min·line). The simulation results showed that the hole forming performance of the conical hanging cup was better than that of the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup. The longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup was 105.37 mm,  and the longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the conical hanging cup was 101.26 mm. Finally,  the hole forming performance on the membrane of two planting mechanisms with different shapes of hanging cups was tested through the indoor bench test. The rationality of EDEMRecurDyn coupling simulation results was verified. The results showed that the simulation test results were consistent with the bench test results. The longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup was about 130.58 mm,  and the longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the conical hanging cup was about 121.40 mm. It was proved that the method of using EDEMRecurDyn coupling simulation to study the hole forming characteristics of the hanging cup planter was feasible. In terms of the degree of damage to the mulch film,  the hole forming performance of the conical hanging cup was better than that of the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup.

The automatic driving system of agricultural machinery is one of the key technologies of unmanned farms. It had been applied to agricultural equipment such as tractors, combine harvesters, and agricultural robots, and had become a hot spot in academic research. From the aspects of hardware foundation and underlying technology, the principle of agricultural machinery automatic driving technology was sorted out in detail. Its core content lies in the three links: environmental perception, decision-making and planning, and control and execution. The implementation principles of each link and the main research achievements at home and abroad were analyzed one by one. The advantages of agricultural machinery automatic driving compared with manned driving are operation accuracy, efficiency, and reduced operation intensity, and the shortcomings are dynamic path planning, automatic headland steering, system reliability, and safety. The global automatic agricultural machinery driving industry environment was analyzed.The competitive environment of the Chinese market is highlighted. The price and service system of automatic agricultural machinery driving system, the level of mechanization, and the low education level of downstream consumers were the main factors restricting the development of the industry. The future research hotspots will focus on the cooperative operation of the cluster, obstacle detection, initiative obstacle avoidance, and integration with 5G to shaping unmanned agriculture was predicted. It had great reference significance for the construction and development of unmanned agriculture and the reconstruction of China's agricultural production model.

The combination of 5G technology and UAV image transmission can help improve the picture quality and transmission rate of UAV image transmission and promote the indepth application of UAV in multiple industries. The application of UAV in plant protection can also promote the development of target spraying technology of UAV. This paper sorts out several ways of UAV image transmission, analyzes the advantages of 5G UAV image transmission, summarizes the research status of 5G UAV image transmission and plant protection UAV target spraying at home and abroad, and points out the problems of the technology, which includes 5G signal instability, sole function of the image transmission system, and lack of research on 5G UAV image transmission in plant protection UAV target spraying, et al. Finally, this paper made suggestions on improving 5G signal coverage and safety construction, increasing the functions of the ground end, and strengthening the combination of 5G UAV image transmission and plant protection UAV to target spraying. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of precision pesticide application technology of plant protection UAV with 5G UAV image transmission.

Autonomous navigation is the premise for application of intelligent robot operation, which is the basic function to ensure the robot carries out multifunctional operations without human control. This paper mainly discussed and analysed technologies for autonomous navigation in orchard, navigation data processing algorithms, and navigation control strategies. First, existing singlesensor based navigation solutions in orchard and their limitations were analyzed, and it was concluded that multisensor based navigation had high accuracy and robustness, which is the development trend of orchard navigation in the future.Second, the main stream navigation data processing algorithm used by orchard mobile robot at present and its supporting role for environment perception and path planning were introduced. Finally, the common path tracking and navigation control strategy of orchard mobile robot were discussed. The research status of orchard mobile robot autonomous navigation was comprehensively analyzed and introduced in this paper, which is helpful to promote the theoretical innovation and rapid development of orchard mobile robot research.

In order to realize the automatic steering of agricultural equipment, a highly integrated system of automatic steering device for agricultural machinery is designed by using a DC motor to drive hydraulic redirector after amplifying the torque through a gear reducer.This system includes the automatic steering control structure, the controller circuit and its wheel steering precise servo control algorithm.The controller adopts Freescale automotive grade chip and considers the unsafe steering situation when the agricultural machine is not started, which makes the control logic safe and more reliable. The electro-hydraulic steering model of the front wheels is established by Matlab, and the simulation experiments with different steering angle signals are carried out to verify the response characteristics of the control algorithm in this paper. The device is installed on the highland gap planting robot and the experimental results show that the wheel turning angle control error is less than 0. 2°, the overshoot is less than 2%, and the fastest response time of ±20° steering is 1. 3s. The automatic steering control system has good control effect and can meet the automatic steering of common agricultural machines.

 White radish is an important economic vegetable in China. It has the advantages of short growth cycle, strong adaptability and high yield. Based on the growth characteristics and planting patterns, a pulling white radish combine harvester is designed. The harvester is mainly composed of cherry blossom pulling device, soil ripping device, clamping device, rhizome separation device and collection devices, which can perform the combined harvesting operation including lifting, scarifying, conveying, cutting and collecting in series. In order to ensure the smooth entry of white radish stems and leaves into the gripper and avoid the stems and leaves from being pulled off, a lifter with conical opening is designed. By adjusting the conical opening angle of the lifter through active and underactuated combination, the adaptability of the prototype is improved under the condition of low planting line straightness and uneven ridge surface. In order to realize stable flexible pulling and gripping conveying, and avoid stem and leaf fracture in the process of pulling and conveying, a flexible gripper and gripper force adjusting device is designed. The gripper belt is composed of rubber in which the antiskid pattern is printed on the working surface. According to the growth environment, soil mechanical properties and operation stress characteristics of white radish, the structural parameters of the ripper are designed. Through finite element analysis and strength check, the performance and reliability of ripper are improved. To avoid the cutting damage caused by the shaking of white radish during the cutting process, and achieve the effect of smooth cutting and neat incision, a double disc cutter is designed. The field performance tests indicate that the working performance is stable, with the damage rate of 2.7%, the missed rate of 1.8% and the efficiency of 0.08~0.26hm2/h. The popularization and application of pulling white radish combine harvester will effectively reduce labor intensity and improve harvest efficiency, which is helpful for improving the mechanization level of white radish in China.

The identification of crop disease is related to crop yield and quality, and it is an essential part in the development of intelligent agriculture. With the rapid development of deep learning in the field of image processing, the method of identifying crop disease types from images by deep learning has gradually become the mainstream. In this paper, we mainly review the methods of crop disease recognition based on deep learning, briefly introduce deep learning and convolutional neural network, and collect some common public disease image datasets. According to the different collection environment of training sample, we summarize the progress of deep learningbased disease identification methods in recent years from two aspects of laboratory and field, point out their advantages and disadvantages of each method, and conclude that there are three main problems in this research field such as insufficient data, difficult task and complex network structure of deep learning model. On this basis, we propose that the establishment of largescale, multispecies, and multitype disease database and the design of highperformance deep learning model are important development directions in the future.

Sugarbeet is one of the major sugar crops in the world. China, as a sugarbeet producer leading the world in planting area and output, promoting the development of domestic sugarbeet production industry, which is significant to main tainand promote the prosperity of world’s sugar market. This article takes the agronomic technology of sugarbeet cultivation, planting, field management, harvesting and other production links as the starting point, focusing on the analysis and summary of the mechanical structure, working principle and existing problems of the frontier production equipment of sugarbeet at home and abroad. It is recommended that the cultivation method be universalized. Diversified sowing methods, refined field management, and combined harvesting methods are the main research directions for sugarbeet production machinery in the future, and expecting on the basis of deepening the understanding of mechanization of sugarbeet production, to provide support and assistance for promoting the domestic sugarbeet production mechanization process.