Germplasm is the foundation of agriculture and a national strategic resource. The quality of seeds affects the production scale and potential of the overall planting industry. There are some problems in Chinast seed industry, such as incomplete and opaque industrial chain information and imperfect and unsafe seed traceability systems. This paper integrates blockchain technology into traditional seed information traceability and proposes a seed quality traceability model for distributed data storage. This paper uses Ethereum, Internet of Things, and terminal applications to design a threelayer architecture: application layer, Internet of things layer, and data storage layer. According to the characteristics of Ethereum and the requirements of system data storage and query, a distributed multidatabase storage mode is designed. The system stores the data information of each link from seed production to the circulation department. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain data information that cannot be tampered with, high transparency and traceability, it ensures that all data in the seed supply chain will not be changed or hidden by others to realize accurate traceability and rapid identification of seed quality. The system uses the smart contract algorithm to directly hit the source of the seed data to ensure the quality and safety of the purchased seeds and to provide information technology and service guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of seed consumers.

Fruit and vegetable picking is an important part of agricultural production, and it relies heavily on manual labor. The development and application of picking robots will greatly reduce labor dependence of picking operations. The picking robotic arm is a key part of the picking robot and a major focus of research on the picking robot. This paper classified the picking manipulators by the degree of freedom, and summarized the development process and research status of the picking manipulators in China and the rest of the world. Aiming at the problem of lack of standardized solutions in thechoice of freedom and configuration of the picking robotic arm for the same fruit and vegetable in the same cultivation mode, it is proposed that indepth integration of the picking manipulator research and agronomy is the key to solving the problem in future. At the same time, considering that the rigid body is difficult to adapt to the picking environment as well as the joint drive mode being single, it is believed that the flexible design of the picking manipulator body and the combined use of the drive mode will be the future development trend.

In order to improve the monitoring level of facility agricultural environment, a remote wireless monitoring system for agricultural greenhouse environment based on ESP32 module was designed. The system comprised of environmental information acquisition module, ESP32 control module, output module, and smartphone control terminal.The monitoring terminal APP was designed with blinker Internet of Things solution based on Android platform. Greenhouse environment temperature, humidity, light intensity, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration, access control and other environmental information was collected through sensors and sent to the remote monitoring mobile phone via WiFi network.The environmental information of the greenhouse was viewed and the relevant greenhouse equipment was controlled remotely using a mobile APP. The system physical prototype was manufactured and an experiment was carried out. The results showed that the lowest success rate of data transmission of the terminal was 97.3% and the average networks packet loss rate was 2.17%. The system has many advantages such as stable operation low cost,good real⁃time, high communication security,high reliability and easy operation.

Yam planting in China has a long history and a wide range. Due to its own growth characteristics, geographical environment and planting mode, the mechanization degree of yam harvesting is relatively low, and manual harvesting is mostly used. With the development of industrial structure, the development degree of yam harvesting mechanization directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. This paper analyzes the planting characteristics of several yams in China, summarizes the main harvesting methods of several yams in China, expounds the research status and progress of main harvesting equipment and technology of yams such as walking system, transmission system, trenching system, soil turning vibration mechanism and positioning system, and briefly discusses the research on yam harvester in foreign countries. On this basis, it is pointed out that the mechanization of yam harvesting in China faces problems such as insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and planting environment, inconsistent planting mode, poor quality of harvesting machines and tools, lack of innovation and imperfect harvesting function, and relevant suggestions are put forward for the problems faced by the mechanized harvesting equipment of Yam as follows: developing the mechanized harvesting equipment of yam according to local conditions. Promoting the construction of planting regulations, learning from the development experience of developed countries, improving the innovation ability of core components, and developing combine harvesters.

Tea stripping technology is a key technology in the processing of flat tea and needle tea, which has an important influence on the appearance and quality of tea. To this end, this paper summarizes the research progress of tea stripping technology and machine in our country, focusing on the impact on tea stripping from four aspects: the transmission structure of the stripping machine, the Ushaped grooves structure design, the heating method, and the control mode, and points out the problems of the tea stripping machine in terms of institutional innovation, heat energy utilization, processing standards, etc. And it should increase the research and development of the stripping machine, selecting new heating materials and strengthening the construction of tea processing information and other related development trends, as a new type of tea stripping machine provide reference for innovative design and innovation of the structure.

With the continuous development of lotus root industry in China, the mechanized harvesting technology of lotus root has been paid more and more attention in China. The development of reliable lotus root harvesting machinery has become the most important part of the modernization process of lotus root industry in China. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed the characteristics and harvesting requirements of lotus root plants, compared and analyzed the lotus root harvesting machinery at home and abroad, summarized the types, advantages and disadvantages of lotus root harvesting machinery in China, listed the representative research and development achievements of lotus root harvesting machinery in China, and pointed out that the planting mode of lotus root was not uniform in China. The problems of low degree of automation and single mechanical structure and function of lotus root harvesting machinery were put forward. Combined with Chinas national conditions, some development suggestions were put forward, such as standardizing the regional standardized planting mode of lotus root, formulating the standard requirements of lotus root harvester and increasing the research on key technologies of lotus root harvesting machinery, so as to provide reference for the further development of lotus root harvesting machinery.

 Under the background of global trade liberalization, it is of great significance to explore its impact on Chinas agricultural exports from the perspective of trade facilitation to enhance Chinas agricultural export competitiveness. This study selected the panel data of agricultural products exports between China and 10 ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019 and established four primary indicators such as infrastructure, customs environment, regulatory environment, and ecommerce, as well as aviation infrastructure, customs procedures, and 17 secondary indicators such as policy transparency are used to construct the evaluation index system of trade facilitation. The article used the extended gravity model to analyze the primary influencing factors of trade facilitation empirically. The results showed obvious differences in trade facilitation among ASEAN countries, and there was still much room for improvement. The infrastructure efficiency, customs environment, and regulatory environment in the primary indicators of trade facilitation in ASEAN had a significant positive effect on agricultural exports. In contrast, ecommerce had no significant impact on Chinas agricultural exports. Based on the empirical results, the study proposed that ASEAN trading countries should strengthen infrastructure construction, optimize the construction of customs and institutional environment, and improve domestic Internet technology and penetration rate from the perspective of development indicators of trade facilitation to promote the improvement of their trade facilitation level. At the same time, it also put forward from the perspective of China that different development countermeasures should be taken for countries with different development levels of ASEAN trade facilitation in order to promote Chinas agricultural exports.

The key to intelligent development of greenhouse agriculture is researching autonomous mobile equipment in greenhouse. The current difficulty of the application of mobile equipment in greenhouse is how to make sure equipment moves safely, quickly and accurately. Combining the research status of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment at home and abroad in recent years, the application of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment was introduced. The research progress of navigation technology according to the different navigation modes was then emphatically expounded. In general, the routes of both guide rail type and tracking type were fixed, the costs of its installation and application were relatively high and their working ranges were small. The multi⁃source data fusion based on SLAM（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping） technology had the advantages of compact structure, autonomous path planning, high efficiency of navigation and obstacle avoidance, and large operation range. Finally, four prospects for the research and development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China were put forward which include development of electric powered robots, miniaturization and modularization of robot design, focusing on SLAM technology in greenhouse, and developing multi⁃functional universal mobile platforms. This research will provide reference for intelligent development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China.

To solve problems of background interference and information loss of ripe strawberries under natural state, a method for strawberry recognition was proposed based on deep residual learning in this study. Firstly, the depthwise separable convolution was introduced to reduce the residual network parameters, the features of ripe strawberries were extracted from different aspects, and the strawberries in the classification layer were identified through the crossentropy loss function. Additionally, the feature weights were learned by embedding compression and excitation modules, and feature recalibration was used to improve the learning and representation properties of the network. Finally, to further optimize the recognition results, the generalization ability of the model was improved by adding spatial pyramid pooling and weight decay optimization, which optimizes the recognition results. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with other current depth models, this method can effectively locate ripe strawberries under complex background and is not easily affected by the interference environment. With higher recognition accuracy and sensitivity, in data set C, the recognition accuracy and sensitivity are the highest, reaching 92.46% and 94.28%, respectively.

Intelligent field weeding robots are an important manifestation of the modernization, refinement and intelligence of contemporary agricultural development, and are of great significance to national social development and environmental protection. In order to clarify the current research status of key technologies and equipment of intelligent weeding robots, the research status and operation modes of typical weeding robots were summarized from the aspects of weeding modes, identification and positioning of seedlings and grasses, and intelligent navigation modes. Then the importance and research progress of the key technologies of intelligent navigation, seedling and weed identification and weeding execution system were summarized. Combined with the research characteristics of weeding robot, such as complex and changeable operation environment, delicate operation object, special use object and seasonal operation, the existing problems of current key technologies were pointed out. According to the problems, the future development trends of integrated navigation technology, image processing technology of complex field environment, weed classification, research and development of interplant weeding terminal actuator and mechanical structure optimization are explained. 

The automatic driving system of agricultural machinery is one of the key technologies of unmanned farms. It had been applied to agricultural equipment such as tractors, combine harvesters, and agricultural robots, and had become a hot spot in academic research. From the aspects of hardware foundation and underlying technology, the principle of agricultural machinery automatic driving technology was sorted out in detail. Its core content lies in the three links: environmental perception, decision-making and planning, and control and execution. The implementation principles of each link and the main research achievements at home and abroad were analyzed one by one. The advantages of agricultural machinery automatic driving compared with manned driving are operation accuracy, efficiency, and reduced operation intensity, and the shortcomings are dynamic path planning, automatic headland steering, system reliability, and safety. The global automatic agricultural machinery driving industry environment was analyzed.The competitive environment of the Chinese market is highlighted. The price and service system of automatic agricultural machinery driving system, the level of mechanization, and the low education level of downstream consumers were the main factors restricting the development of the industry. The future research hotspots will focus on the cooperative operation of the cluster, obstacle detection, initiative obstacle avoidance, and integration with 5G to shaping unmanned agriculture was predicted. It had great reference significance for the construction and development of unmanned agriculture and the reconstruction of China's agricultural production model.

 White radish is an important economic vegetable in China. It has the advantages of short growth cycle, strong adaptability and high yield. Based on the growth characteristics and planting patterns, a pulling white radish combine harvester is designed. The harvester is mainly composed of cherry blossom pulling device, soil ripping device, clamping device, rhizome separation device and collection devices, which can perform the combined harvesting operation including lifting, scarifying, conveying, cutting and collecting in series. In order to ensure the smooth entry of white radish stems and leaves into the gripper and avoid the stems and leaves from being pulled off, a lifter with conical opening is designed. By adjusting the conical opening angle of the lifter through active and underactuated combination, the adaptability of the prototype is improved under the condition of low planting line straightness and uneven ridge surface. In order to realize stable flexible pulling and gripping conveying, and avoid stem and leaf fracture in the process of pulling and conveying, a flexible gripper and gripper force adjusting device is designed. The gripper belt is composed of rubber in which the antiskid pattern is printed on the working surface. According to the growth environment, soil mechanical properties and operation stress characteristics of white radish, the structural parameters of the ripper are designed. Through finite element analysis and strength check, the performance and reliability of ripper are improved. To avoid the cutting damage caused by the shaking of white radish during the cutting process, and achieve the effect of smooth cutting and neat incision, a double disc cutter is designed. The field performance tests indicate that the working performance is stable, with the damage rate of 2.7%, the missed rate of 1.8% and the efficiency of 0.08~0.26hm2/h. The popularization and application of pulling white radish combine harvester will effectively reduce labor intensity and improve harvest efficiency, which is helpful for improving the mechanization level of white radish in China.

Precision sowing can effectively reduce the number of seeds used, save costs and money, and the quality of crops grown through precision sowing is high. In order to grasp the development level of electronically controlled precision sowing technology at home and abroad, this paper carries out research from precision sowing online detection technology, sowing volume control technology and seed replenishment technology, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of photoelectric sensor detection, piezoelectric sensor detection, capacitive sensor detection, visual image detection and precision sowing control technology; and points out the lack of standardization of precision sowing machines in China, insufficient research and development of high precision sensors, and immature intelligent control technology. Finally, combined with the current development situation at home and abroad, the development trend of Chinas precision sowing technology in the direction of multimachine collaboration, remote control and intelligent control is to provide some reference for future researchers to understand electronically controlled precision sowing technology in China.

Chinas tea industry is still a laborintensive industry. Among them, fresh leaf picking consumes a lot of labor, which is the most laborintensive and labortime link in tea production. The mechanized tea harvesting is the only way for my countrys tea development. Starting from the current situation of tea picking in my country, this paper summarizes the tea picking standards and agronomic requirements of machine picking in China. The research and application status, advantages and disadvantages of single tea picking machine, double tea picking machine, riding tea picking machine and tea picking robots are analyzed from the perspective of onetime picking principle and selective picking principle respectively. The problems that restrict the realization of comprehensive mechanized tea picking in my country are analyzed,and the development opinions such as the deep integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, the combination of basic research and advanced technology, and the improvement of the versatility of tea machinery are proposed in the future related to tea production in China, so as to provide reference for the further research of tea picking equipment in China.

Hanging cup transplanter has become a more widely used transplanting machine in transplanting operations because of its advantages of hole forming,  onetime transplanting,  and film covering operation. The hanging cup type planter is the main operating part of the hanging cup type transplanter. Different shapes of the hanging cup can affect the hole forming performance and planting quality of the transplanter. With the application of discrete element simulation software EDEM and multibody system dynamics analysis software RecurDyn,  the tear film size of two hanging cups with different shapes was analyzed by coupling simulation when the planting frequency was 72 plants/(min·line). The simulation results showed that the hole forming performance of the conical hanging cup was better than that of the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup. The longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup was 105.37 mm,  and the longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the conical hanging cup was 101.26 mm. Finally,  the hole forming performance on the membrane of two planting mechanisms with different shapes of hanging cups was tested through the indoor bench test. The rationality of EDEMRecurDyn coupling simulation results was verified. The results showed that the simulation test results were consistent with the bench test results. The longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup was about 130.58 mm,  and the longitudinal dimension of the membrane port formed by the conical hanging cup was about 121.40 mm. It was proved that the method of using EDEMRecurDyn coupling simulation to study the hole forming characteristics of the hanging cup planter was feasible. In terms of the degree of damage to the mulch film,  the hole forming performance of the conical hanging cup was better than that of the rectangular pyramidical hanging cup.

In order to realize the automatic steering of agricultural equipment, a highly integrated system of automatic steering device for agricultural machinery is designed by using a DC motor to drive hydraulic redirector after amplifying the torque through a gear reducer.This system includes the automatic steering control structure, the controller circuit and its wheel steering precise servo control algorithm.The controller adopts Freescale automotive grade chip and considers the unsafe steering situation when the agricultural machine is not started, which makes the control logic safe and more reliable. The electro-hydraulic steering model of the front wheels is established by Matlab, and the simulation experiments with different steering angle signals are carried out to verify the response characteristics of the control algorithm in this paper. The device is installed on the highland gap planting robot and the experimental results show that the wheel turning angle control error is less than 0. 2°, the overshoot is less than 2%, and the fastest response time of ±20° steering is 1. 3s. The automatic steering control system has good control effect and can meet the automatic steering of common agricultural machines.

Traditional electric tractors has some problems, such as low range, difficult to meet the operation demand of highpower section, etc., the incremental electric tractor is an additional power driving device based on the traditional electric tractor, which takes into account the economic and power requirements, and is one of the main development directions of the electric tractor in the future. On the basis of summarizing the main technologies such as power system research and energy management control strategy of incremental electric vehicle, this paper focuses on the research progress of incremental electric tractor in power system design, parameter matching and optimization algorithm with transmission system, torque distribution and energy management, and points out that precision, intelligence and how to find a better balance between power consumption and fuel consumption, improving the utilization rate of electric energy and reducing fuel consumption are the key and main development direction for the promotion of incremental electric tractors in the future. The modeling of the incremental electric tractor should fully consider the different operation needs of the tractor, such as transportation, soil ploughing, soil turning and land preparation. In the future, based on certain data analysis, the actual operation needs can be fully considered, and personalized and accurate modeling and parameter design can be implemented to improve accuracy. Based on the full analysis of the operating characteristics and energy demand of the extended range electric tractor, the research and development of batteries and related technologies suitable for the extended range electric tractor can be carried out to improve the endurance mileage.

Autonomous navigation is the premise for application of intelligent robot operation, which is the basic function to ensure the robot carries out multifunctional operations without human control. This paper mainly discussed and analysed technologies for autonomous navigation in orchard, navigation data processing algorithms, and navigation control strategies. First, existing singlesensor based navigation solutions in orchard and their limitations were analyzed, and it was concluded that multisensor based navigation had high accuracy and robustness, which is the development trend of orchard navigation in the future.Second, the main stream navigation data processing algorithm used by orchard mobile robot at present and its supporting role for environment perception and path planning were introduced. Finally, the common path tracking and navigation control strategy of orchard mobile robot were discussed. The research status of orchard mobile robot autonomous navigation was comprehensively analyzed and introduced in this paper, which is helpful to promote the theoretical innovation and rapid development of orchard mobile robot research.