Fruit and vegetable picking is an important part of agricultural production, and it relies heavily on manual labor. The development and application of picking robots will greatly reduce labor dependence of picking operations. The picking robotic arm is a key part of the picking robot and a major focus of research on the picking robot. This paper classified the picking manipulators by the degree of freedom, and summarized the development process and research status of the picking manipulators in China and the rest of the world. Aiming at the problem of lack of standardized solutions in thechoice of freedom and configuration of the picking robotic arm for the same fruit and vegetable in the same cultivation mode, it is proposed that indepth integration of the picking manipulator research and agronomy is the key to solving the problem in future. At the same time, considering that the rigid body is difficult to adapt to the picking environment as well as the joint drive mode being single, it is believed that the flexible design of the picking manipulator body and the combined use of the drive mode will be the future development trend.

Germplasm is the foundation of agriculture and a national strategic resource. The quality of seeds affects the production scale and potential of the overall planting industry. There are some problems in Chinast seed industry, such as incomplete and opaque industrial chain information and imperfect and unsafe seed traceability systems. This paper integrates blockchain technology into traditional seed information traceability and proposes a seed quality traceability model for distributed data storage. This paper uses Ethereum, Internet of Things, and terminal applications to design a threelayer architecture: application layer, Internet of things layer, and data storage layer. According to the characteristics of Ethereum and the requirements of system data storage and query, a distributed multidatabase storage mode is designed. The system stores the data information of each link from seed production to the circulation department. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain data information that cannot be tampered with, high transparency and traceability, it ensures that all data in the seed supply chain will not be changed or hidden by others to realize accurate traceability and rapid identification of seed quality. The system uses the smart contract algorithm to directly hit the source of the seed data to ensure the quality and safety of the purchased seeds and to provide information technology and service guarantees for safeguarding the rights and interests of seed consumers.

In order to improve the monitoring level of facility agricultural environment, a remote wireless monitoring system for agricultural greenhouse environment based on ESP32 module was designed. The system comprised of environmental information acquisition module, ESP32 control module, output module, and smartphone control terminal.The monitoring terminal APP was designed with blinker Internet of Things solution based on Android platform. Greenhouse environment temperature, humidity, light intensity, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration, access control and other environmental information was collected through sensors and sent to the remote monitoring mobile phone via WiFi network.The environmental information of the greenhouse was viewed and the relevant greenhouse equipment was controlled remotely using a mobile APP. The system physical prototype was manufactured and an experiment was carried out. The results showed that the lowest success rate of data transmission of the terminal was 97.3% and the average networks packet loss rate was 2.17%. The system has many advantages such as stable operation low cost,good real⁃time, high communication security,high reliability and easy operation.

Yam planting in China has a long history and a wide range. Due to its own growth characteristics, geographical environment and planting mode, the mechanization degree of yam harvesting is relatively low, and manual harvesting is mostly used. With the development of industrial structure, the development degree of yam harvesting mechanization directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. This paper analyzes the planting characteristics of several yams in China, summarizes the main harvesting methods of several yams in China, expounds the research status and progress of main harvesting equipment and technology of yams such as walking system, transmission system, trenching system, soil turning vibration mechanism and positioning system, and briefly discusses the research on yam harvester in foreign countries. On this basis, it is pointed out that the mechanization of yam harvesting in China faces problems such as insufficient integration of agricultural machinery and planting environment, inconsistent planting mode, poor quality of harvesting machines and tools, lack of innovation and imperfect harvesting function, and relevant suggestions are put forward for the problems faced by the mechanized harvesting equipment of Yam as follows: developing the mechanized harvesting equipment of yam according to local conditions. Promoting the construction of planting regulations, learning from the development experience of developed countries, improving the innovation ability of core components, and developing combine harvesters.

Tea stripping technology is a key technology in the processing of flat tea and needle tea, which has an important influence on the appearance and quality of tea. To this end, this paper summarizes the research progress of tea stripping technology and machine in our country, focusing on the impact on tea stripping from four aspects: the transmission structure of the stripping machine, the Ushaped grooves structure design, the heating method, and the control mode, and points out the problems of the tea stripping machine in terms of institutional innovation, heat energy utilization, processing standards, etc. And it should increase the research and development of the stripping machine, selecting new heating materials and strengthening the construction of tea processing information and other related development trends, as a new type of tea stripping machine provide reference for innovative design and innovation of the structure.

The key to intelligent development of greenhouse agriculture is researching autonomous mobile equipment in greenhouse. The current difficulty of the application of mobile equipment in greenhouse is how to make sure equipment moves safely, quickly and accurately. Combining the research status of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment at home and abroad in recent years, the application of greenhouse autonomous mobile equipment was introduced. The research progress of navigation technology according to the different navigation modes was then emphatically expounded. In general, the routes of both guide rail type and tracking type were fixed, the costs of its installation and application were relatively high and their working ranges were small. The multi⁃source data fusion based on SLAM（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping） technology had the advantages of compact structure, autonomous path planning, high efficiency of navigation and obstacle avoidance, and large operation range. Finally, four prospects for the research and development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China were put forward which include development of electric powered robots, miniaturization and modularization of robot design, focusing on SLAM technology in greenhouse, and developing multi⁃functional universal mobile platforms. This research will provide reference for intelligent development of greenhouse autonomous mobile robot in China.

 Under the background of global trade liberalization, it is of great significance to explore its impact on Chinas agricultural exports from the perspective of trade facilitation to enhance Chinas agricultural export competitiveness. This study selected the panel data of agricultural products exports between China and 10 ASEAN countries from 2010 to 2019 and established four primary indicators such as infrastructure, customs environment, regulatory environment, and ecommerce, as well as aviation infrastructure, customs procedures, and 17 secondary indicators such as policy transparency are used to construct the evaluation index system of trade facilitation. The article used the extended gravity model to analyze the primary influencing factors of trade facilitation empirically. The results showed obvious differences in trade facilitation among ASEAN countries, and there was still much room for improvement. The infrastructure efficiency, customs environment, and regulatory environment in the primary indicators of trade facilitation in ASEAN had a significant positive effect on agricultural exports. In contrast, ecommerce had no significant impact on Chinas agricultural exports. Based on the empirical results, the study proposed that ASEAN trading countries should strengthen infrastructure construction, optimize the construction of customs and institutional environment, and improve domestic Internet technology and penetration rate from the perspective of development indicators of trade facilitation to promote the improvement of their trade facilitation level. At the same time, it also put forward from the perspective of China that different development countermeasures should be taken for countries with different development levels of ASEAN trade facilitation in order to promote Chinas agricultural exports.

Sugarbeet is one of the major sugar crops in the world. China, as a sugarbeet producer leading the world in planting area and output, promoting the development of domestic sugarbeet production industry, which is significant to main tainand promote the prosperity of world’s sugar market. This article takes the agronomic technology of sugarbeet cultivation, planting, field management, harvesting and other production links as the starting point, focusing on the analysis and summary of the mechanical structure, working principle and existing problems of the frontier production equipment of sugarbeet at home and abroad. It is recommended that the cultivation method be universalized. Diversified sowing methods, refined field management, and combined harvesting methods are the main research directions for sugarbeet production machinery in the future, and expecting on the basis of deepening the understanding of mechanization of sugarbeet production, to provide support and assistance for promoting the domestic sugarbeet production mechanization process.

At the present stage, the import of soybean and corn is increasing year by year, and food security has a big hidden trouble. China started the soybean and oil production capacity improvement project, and vigorously promoted the soybean and corn strip compound planting technology. The agronomy of soybean and corn strip compound planting is based on the core of “selecting and matching varieties, expanding and increasing light, shrinking plant strain and retaining density” and the supporting of “reducing integrated fertilization, chemical control and lodging resistance, green prevention and control”. The overall requirements for improving the performance and operational efficiency of agricultural machinery are put forward. In terms of sowing, highspeed precision sowing technology, soybean and corn separate control technology, largedisplacement fertilization technology, straw antiblocking technology and cohesive line uniformity technology were developed. In terms of the field management, the double spray technology, spray rod adaptive leveling technology, plant protection wheel spacing adjustable technology, antifloating nozzle technology were developed. In terms of harvesting, the development of corn lowloss picking mechanism, corn lowloss and lowbreak grain harvesting technology, soybean lowloss cutting table technology, soybean lowbreak flexible threshing technology, soybean efficient cleaning technology, soybean lowloss grain transportation technology, soybean online quality detection technology were also developed. At present, it is necessary to optimize the mechanization equipment in the whole process of soybean and corn strip compound planting, further combine the agronomic characteristics of soybean and corn strip compound planting and the characteristics of operating machinery and tools, strengthen the theoretical research, promote the further integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, strengthen the research and development of innovative machinery and tools, and improve the adaptability of the machine to the planting mode.

Chinas tea industry is still a laborintensive industry. Among them, fresh leaf picking consumes a lot of labor, which is the most laborintensive and labortime link in tea production. The mechanized tea harvesting is the only way for my countrys tea development. Starting from the current situation of tea picking in my country, this paper summarizes the tea picking standards and agronomic requirements of machine picking in China. The research and application status, advantages and disadvantages of single tea picking machine, double tea picking machine, riding tea picking machine and tea picking robots are analyzed from the perspective of onetime picking principle and selective picking principle respectively. The problems that restrict the realization of comprehensive mechanized tea picking in my country are analyzed,and the development opinions such as the deep integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, the combination of basic research and advanced technology, and the improvement of the versatility of tea machinery are proposed in the future related to tea production in China, so as to provide reference for the further research of tea picking equipment in China.

The chassis technology of agricultural machinery is the key technology of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment， and also the key technology that affects agricultural and rural modernization. The inherent advantages of European and American farm based and intensive planting scenarios， as well as strong industrial foundations， make Europe and America ahead of China in the field of intelligent agricultural machinery， the adaptability of agricultural machinery chassis in our country is poor， the degree of intelligence is insufficient， the comfort is poor， and the safety factor is low. In response to the above issues， combined with the actual situation and characteristics of China's agricultural machinery development， this paper will think and look forward to the direction of intelligent development of agricultural machinery chassis in the future from three aspects of intelligent drive， high adaptability walking and independent operation. This paper focuses on summarizing the progress of new technologies such as hydraulic lifting， power shifting， continuously variable transmission， variable wheelbase， wire controlled steering， and unmanned driving applied to agricultural machinery chassis. Combining with the actual application situation in China， the basic principles and characteristics of various systems related to agricultural machinery chassis are elaborated. Finally， based on the research progress of agricultural machinery chassis at home and abroad and the gap between domestic and foreign countries， reference is provided for future research and design of intelligent agricultural machinery chassis and modernization of agriculture and rural areas from strengthening the research and upgrading of electro‑hydraulic technology and E-CVT， promoting the landing of multi‑directional walking and wire controlled steering technology， and realizing intelligent control and unmanned operation.

In order to grasp the research status and industry trend of CVT and electric transmission technology in agricultural machinery,  the development history,  application status,  development bottleneck,  and development trend of CVT technology in agricultural machinery were analyzed and summarized. Firstly,  the development history of CVT and electric drive in agricultural machinery was reviewed,  and the principle of CVT and electric drive system in typical agricultural machinery was introduced. Secondly,  the application status of CVT and electric transmission in agricultural machinery was summarized,  and some typical agricultural machinery was listed. Finally,  in view of the problems existing in the collaborative development of power and transmission,  the research and development of lowpower continuously variable transmission systems,  the balance between technology and cost,  and suggestions for the followup research of CVT and electric drive are put forward. The development trend is discussed. The results show that electric transmission is not enough to replace CVT in the field of agricultural machinery in the foreseeable future. The application of electric drive in agricultural machinery mainly depends on the continuous change of battery and motor technology. The energy acquisition methods of the electric drive will be diversified,  such as solar energy,  wind energy,  and regenerative energy,  which may provide power for agricultural machinery. CVT and electric transmission technology may be widely used in unmanned agricultural machinery.

Precision sowing can effectively reduce the number of seeds used, save costs and money, and the quality of crops grown through precision sowing is high. In order to grasp the development level of electronically controlled precision sowing technology at home and abroad, this paper carries out research from precision sowing online detection technology, sowing volume control technology and seed replenishment technology, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of photoelectric sensor detection, piezoelectric sensor detection, capacitive sensor detection, visual image detection and precision sowing control technology; and points out the lack of standardization of precision sowing machines in China, insufficient research and development of high precision sensors, and immature intelligent control technology. Finally, combined with the current development situation at home and abroad, the development trend of Chinas precision sowing technology in the direction of multimachine collaboration, remote control and intelligent control is to provide some reference for future researchers to understand electronically controlled precision sowing technology in China.

This article reviews the development of major economic crop industries and mechanization in China from 2019 to 2023, including cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables, fruits, tea, and medicine, and proposes new trends and urgent problems in crop mechanization. The results showed that the cotton planting area has been shrinking year by year, the yield per unit has been increasing year by year, and the machine yield has exceeded 77%. Domestic cotton picking machines have achieved new development, and mechanized plant protection and control are the shortcomings. Rapeseed continues to expand its area and increase yield, with a machine planting rate of 45%. Mechanized transplantation has formed supporting solutions in different regions, but machine harvesting losses are still significant. The planting area and yield of peanuts have reached a new high, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of over 68%. Peanut harvesters are in short supply, harvesting and sowing with machines in southern China is a difficult task. The planting area and yield of sugarcane are basically stable, and stepbystep machine harvesting and combined machine harvesting are advancing synchronously. The problem of “one cut harvest with manual” urgently needs to be solved. The planting area and yield of vegetables have steadily increased, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of 42.61%. The concept of integrating harvesting, seed selection, and machine technology has been recognized, and there is an urgent need to research and promote the application of key planting and harvesting equipment for ripening. The area and yield of garden fruits have steadily increased, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of only 27.3%. Modern orchards are constantly experiencing typical mechanization throughout the entire process, and the level of fruit harvest loss reduction and disaster prevention and mitigation equipment urgently needs to be improved. The area and yield of tea gardens continue to increase, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of 34.09%. The level of machine harvesting and transportation, as well as the utilization rate of summer and autumn tea, have significantly improved. Processing is developing towards intelligent complete sets of equipment, and there is a lack of specialized equipment for intercropping and fertilization. The planting area of commonly used Chinese medicinal materials in clinical practice has shown a restorative growth, with a comprehensive mechanization rate of 42.90%. Suitable varieties in key provinces have basically achieved full mechanization, while the mechanization of Chinese medicinal materials in mountainous understory and flower leaf fruit categories is basically blank.

The automatic driving system of agricultural machinery is one of the key technologies of unmanned farms. It had been applied to agricultural equipment such as tractors, combine harvesters, and agricultural robots, and had become a hot spot in academic research. From the aspects of hardware foundation and underlying technology, the principle of agricultural machinery automatic driving technology was sorted out in detail. Its core content lies in the three links: environmental perception, decision-making and planning, and control and execution. The implementation principles of each link and the main research achievements at home and abroad were analyzed one by one. The advantages of agricultural machinery automatic driving compared with manned driving are operation accuracy, efficiency, and reduced operation intensity, and the shortcomings are dynamic path planning, automatic headland steering, system reliability, and safety. The global automatic agricultural machinery driving industry environment was analyzed.The competitive environment of the Chinese market is highlighted. The price and service system of automatic agricultural machinery driving system, the level of mechanization, and the low education level of downstream consumers were the main factors restricting the development of the industry. The future research hotspots will focus on the cooperative operation of the cluster, obstacle detection, initiative obstacle avoidance, and integration with 5G to shaping unmanned agriculture was predicted. It had great reference significance for the construction and development of unmanned agriculture and the reconstruction of China's agricultural production model.

 White radish is an important economic vegetable in China. It has the advantages of short growth cycle, strong adaptability and high yield. Based on the growth characteristics and planting patterns, a pulling white radish combine harvester is designed. The harvester is mainly composed of cherry blossom pulling device, soil ripping device, clamping device, rhizome separation device and collection devices, which can perform the combined harvesting operation including lifting, scarifying, conveying, cutting and collecting in series. In order to ensure the smooth entry of white radish stems and leaves into the gripper and avoid the stems and leaves from being pulled off, a lifter with conical opening is designed. By adjusting the conical opening angle of the lifter through active and underactuated combination, the adaptability of the prototype is improved under the condition of low planting line straightness and uneven ridge surface. In order to realize stable flexible pulling and gripping conveying, and avoid stem and leaf fracture in the process of pulling and conveying, a flexible gripper and gripper force adjusting device is designed. The gripper belt is composed of rubber in which the antiskid pattern is printed on the working surface. According to the growth environment, soil mechanical properties and operation stress characteristics of white radish, the structural parameters of the ripper are designed. Through finite element analysis and strength check, the performance and reliability of ripper are improved. To avoid the cutting damage caused by the shaking of white radish during the cutting process, and achieve the effect of smooth cutting and neat incision, a double disc cutter is designed. The field performance tests indicate that the working performance is stable, with the damage rate of 2.7%, the missed rate of 1.8% and the efficiency of 0.08~0.26hm2/h. The popularization and application of pulling white radish combine harvester will effectively reduce labor intensity and improve harvest efficiency, which is helpful for improving the mechanization level of white radish in China.

The problems such as grain yield reduction and fruit quality reduction caused by bird damage seriously restrict the development of agriculture and forestry economy, so the bird damage control has important research significance and application value in the process of agriculture and forestry management.This paper briefly summarized the classification and characteristics of bird damage control technology, focuses on the development history and current situation of laser bird repelling technology, sonic bird repelling technology, and integrated control technology with bird monitoring, and analyzes the development trend of agricultural and forestry bird repelling equipment from electronic to intelligent. In view of the existing problems of bird damage control equipment, such as easy adaptation by birds, poor coordination and poor versatility, it is proposed to establish a bird biological information database to provide a basis for the development of bird repellent equipment to weaken the adaptability of birds. Smart agriculture and forestry should be developed to promote the informatization and collaborative of bird repelling equipment. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of crops which are resistant to bird and develop advanced bird monitoring algorithms to improve the recognition rate to avoid bird damage in advance, so that bird damage control is the main, prevention is supplemented, governance first, prevention as a supplement.

In order to realize the mechanization and automation of strawberry picking in greenhouse, a strawberry picking robot used in solar greenhouse was designed and manufactured. The robot can realize autonomous path planning, identify mature strawberries and complete picking during walking. This design uses ROS distributed computing system as the main control network, uses laser radar to build and locate the map of mobile robot, binocular depth camera to identify and locate mature strawberries, and a 6-DOF mechanical arm equipped with flexible bionic grippers to grasp and place target strawberries. This paper also designs a robot software platform， using improved A* algorithm to achieve autonomous path planning and navigation obstacle avoidance; The R-FCN target detection network and binocular vision technology were used to detect and locate mature strawberries. The experimental results show that: the strawberry picking robot can achieve target detection and positioning, the error between the detected strawberry coordinates and the robots paw coordinates is less than 4 mm, and the recognition rate of mature strawberries is 95%, meeting the picking requirements.

Traditional electric tractors has some problems, such as low range, difficult to meet the operation demand of highpower section, etc., the incremental electric tractor is an additional power driving device based on the traditional electric tractor, which takes into account the economic and power requirements, and is one of the main development directions of the electric tractor in the future. On the basis of summarizing the main technologies such as power system research and energy management control strategy of incremental electric vehicle, this paper focuses on the research progress of incremental electric tractor in power system design, parameter matching and optimization algorithm with transmission system, torque distribution and energy management, and points out that precision, intelligence and how to find a better balance between power consumption and fuel consumption, improving the utilization rate of electric energy and reducing fuel consumption are the key and main development direction for the promotion of incremental electric tractors in the future. The modeling of the incremental electric tractor should fully consider the different operation needs of the tractor, such as transportation, soil ploughing, soil turning and land preparation. In the future, based on certain data analysis, the actual operation needs can be fully considered, and personalized and accurate modeling and parameter design can be implemented to improve accuracy. Based on the full analysis of the operating characteristics and energy demand of the extended range electric tractor, the research and development of batteries and related technologies suitable for the extended range electric tractor can be carried out to improve the endurance mileage.