Abstract: Fruit and vegetable picking is an important part of agricultural production, and it relies heavily on manual labor. The development and application of picking robots will greatly reduce labor dependence of picking operations. The picking robotic arm is a key part of the picking robot and a major focus of research on the picking robot. This paper classified the picking manipulators by the degree of freedom, and summarized the development process and research status of the picking manipulators in China and the rest of the world. Aiming at the problem of lack of standardized solutions in thechoice of freedom and configuration of the picking robotic arm for the same fruit and vegetable in the same cultivation mode, it is proposed that indepth integration of the picking manipulator research and agronomy is the key to solving the problem in future. At the same time, considering that the rigid body is difficult to adapt to the picking environment as well as the joint drive mode being single, it is believed that the flexible design of the picking manipulator body and the combined use of the drive mode will be the future development trend.

Key words: fruit and vegetable picking, robotic arm, degree of freedom, standardization, flexible design

摘要： 农业生产中果蔬采摘是其中的重要环节，且依赖于大量劳动力的参与，采摘机器人的发展与应用将会极大地改善采摘作业的劳动力依赖问题。采摘机械臂是采摘机器人的关键部分，是采摘机器人研究的一大重点。以采摘机械臂自由度进行分类，梳理总结国内外采摘机械臂研究的发展过程和研究现状。针对相同栽培模式下同一果蔬，在采摘机械臂的自由度和构型的选择上缺少标准化方案的问题，提出采摘机械臂研究与农艺的深度结合是未来解决问题的关键。同时，对于刚性本体难适应采摘环境以及关节驱动方式单一的问题，提出采摘机械臂本体的柔性设计以及驱动方式的组合使用将是未来的发展趋势。

关键词: 果蔬采摘, 机械臂, 自由度, 标准化, 柔性设计