In order to research the influence of peanut seed shape size, hill-drop planter rotating speed, and seed extractor structure on the seeding performance of hill-drop planter, peanut seeds were divided into three levels according to the shape size.In this study, models of hill-drop planter and seeds were designed using EDEM software, which simulated seeding performance under different grades of peanut seeds at different rotational speeds and structural parameters. The simulation results showed that with the increase of the working speed, the qualification index of the hill-drop planter for all levels of peanuts showed a decreasing trend. When the working speed was greater than 40 r/min, the qualification index dropped significantly. When the working speed was rated and the dimensions of the side hole and cavity were 40 mm and 30 mm, respectively, the seed metering performance of large seeds was the best, and the qualification index was 91.37%. When the sizes of the side holes and the cavity were 32 mm and 25 mm, the seeding performance of the medium seeds was the best and qualified. The index was 93.07%.When the size of the side hole and the cavity were 28 mm and 20 mm, the seeding performance of small seeds was the best, and the pass index was 93.02%. It could be seen that the adaptability of the seed and the seed extractor affects the seeding performance. The field comparison test indicated that when the working speed of the hill-drop planter was 40 r/min, the length of the side hole of the seeder was 32 mm, and the length of the cavity was 25 mm, the seeding performance of the hill-drop planter for all levels of peanut seeds was consistent with the simulation change law. It was feasible to apply the discrete element analysis method to the hill-drop planter.This research provided a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the hill-drop planter.

In order to monitor the double chain drive synchronicity of the chain rake picking up mechanism, a double chain drive synchronicity monitoring system based on eddy current sensor was designed. The monitoring system takes STC89C52 MCU hardware system as the lower machine and obtains the speed information of the chain raking mechanism and the power shaft through the eddy current sensor and Hall sensor, respectively. The system determines the running state of the chain raking mechanism of the film receiving machine. It transmits the state information to the human-machine interface of SG121-BGCM industrial computer for real-time display through the HC-12 wireless module.The laboratory test shows that when the speed of the film collecting chain harrow is 168 r/min, the accuracy rate of the jumping gear monitoring of the chain picking mechanism is more than 96%.The field experiment shows that the accuracy rate of the jump gear monitoring is more than 95% when the forward speed of the film collector is 8 km/h, and the speed of the chain harrow picking mechanism is 168 r/min. The monitoring system realizes the real-time and high precision monitoring of the running state of the chain-rake type residual film recovery machine, which is helpful to improve the operation reliability of the residual film recovery machine.

 Aiming at the problems of low rigidity and low fingertip force in the field of fruit and vegetable picking in the current soft end effector, based on the multicavity soft end effector, a method is proposed to increase the clamping force by adding restrictive materials to the top and both sides of the cavity of the generating layer. A mathematical model was established to analyze the relationship between the end position of the actuator and the input air pressure; the Abaqus software was used to simulate and analyze the change law of the actuators bending angle and support reaction force; and the comparison experiment was carried out to grasp and verify. The finite element simulation and test results show that the increase of the restrictive material of the occurrence layer can not only reduce the balloon effect very well, but also can bear higher working pressure without affecting the bending performance of the actuator; the bending angle and pressure are one timing, the supporting force of the enhanced actuator is significantly greater than that of the traditional soft actuator. The maximum gripping weight of the enhanced soft gripper is about 414 g, the maximum gripping weight of the traditional soft gripper is about 108 g, and the gripping weight is about 4 times the traditional gripper.

In order to explore the correlation mechanism between different garlic bolt harvesting methods, leaf damage degree, and average bulb weight, a twoyear garlic field experiment was carried out. Two garlic varieties, “Cangshan white garlic” and “Jinxiang purple garlic”, were used as materials to study the effects of 12 kinds of garlic bolt harvesting methods on average bulb weight, such as no harvesting, manual harvesting, knifecutting harvesting, flower budshearing harvesting, and different plant leaf damage degree. The experimental data showed that each harvesting method had different effects on average bulb weight. The average bulb weight was the highest when using the flower budshearing method and the lowest when using the no harvesting method. The difference between the two methods was significant. There was no significant difference between the manual harvesting method and the knifecutting harvesting method. There was a significant negative linear correlation between leaf damage degree and bulb average weight. The results can provide a basis for optimizing the combined harvesting method of garlic bolt and garlic bulb and provide a data reference for the study of garlic bolt harvesting machinery.

As a working part of small harvesters with high failure rates, the cutters traditional reliability testing method is affected by the operation season, field topography, and variable load. As a result, the test cycle is long, and the collection of test data is difficult. It is also difficult to improve the design of cutters and optimize the design of small harvesters. In this paper, a new spiral auger feeding system is proposed. The shaking table, which simulates the terrain difference (including the vibration of harvesters), and the power output device driven by different cutters are combined to build a physical simulation experiment platform for the reliability test of small harvester cutters in the laboratory. The cutter of small harvesters (model 1WG6.3-110FC-Z) was selected as the tested object and tested continuously for 24 hours on the platform. The test results show that the effectiveness of the test prototype is 95.62%. Although the simulation reliability test time is short, some faults of the harvester are exposed in the test process. These faults conform to the fault description of the harvester specified in JB/T 6287. Therefore, it can be considered that the reliability test platform of small harvester cutters in this paper can simulate the relevant conditions of the field operation of the cutter to a certain extent and can replace the field reliability test of the cutter in some cases.

In order to reduce the power consumption, improve the sowing quality, and meet the agronomic requirements of precision seedling raising and sowing of hybrid rice, an independent airway type doublelayer air suction roller seedling raising and seeding device was designed in this paper. The working principle of the seeding device, the structure of key components, and parameter design were described. The relationship between seeding quality, cylinder speed, and suction hole negative pressure was determined by force analysis of seeds in the process of seeding. The central composite test was carried out with qualified rate and repetition rate as experimental indexes and vibration frequency, drum speed, and drum negative pressure parameters as test factors. The results showed that the average qualified rate was 93.21%, the average replanting rate was 3.97% when the vibration frequency was 51.8 Hz, the roller speed was 8 r/min, and the negative pressure parameter was 3.4 kW. The seed sowing device can satisfy the requirements of hybrid rice seedling and sowing.

At present, the existing halffeeding peanut harvesters in China cannot effectively clean the plots with serious soil compaction or excessive stones and mud. In order to solve this problem, this paper designed a stone cleaning device with a total length of 1 683 mm, a width of 550 mm, and a height of 1 010 mm, which was composed of a doublescreen transmission device. According to the measured physical size of peanut, stone and mud, and peanut variety selection, the orthogonal test was carried out on the stone cleaning device. The mesh shape of the device was determined to be square, the installation angle of the screen mesh was set to 13°, the movement frequency of the screen body was set to 4.0 Hz, and the front and backstroke of the screen body were set to 16 mm. The optimal scheme test concluded that the impurity content of the cleaning device was 3.82%, and the loss rate was 1.28%. In order to further determine the reliability of the device, a field comparison test was carried out between the device and the traditional cleaning device. The experimental results showed that the impurity rate and loss rate of the traditional cleaning device was 13.17% and 1.96%. In comparison, the impurity rate and loss rate of the traditional cleaning device was 3.47% and 1.21%. The impurity removal rate was about 4 times the traditional cleaning device, and the loss rate was reduced by 0.75%. The device can provide a reference for the cleaning index of the halffeeding peanut harvester when the soil is seriously compacted or when there are too many stones and mud blocks.

To meet the requirements of machinepicked cotton planting, a double U type cotton precision seeder was designed, which can complete ditching, fertilizing, spraying, laying drip irrigation belt, profiling, film laying, sowing, pressing, and other operations at one time. The machine adopts a spoon wheel duckbill type precision metering device and soil lifting and covering device to realize watersaving and precise fullfilm sowing. Using ANSYS software, the statics analysis of cavitations mechanism of double U type precision cotton seeder and the modal analysis of the drive shaft of the soil lifting and the covering device were carried out. The results of the field test showed that the hole rate of seeds was 1.6%, the mechanical damage rate was 0.1%, the qualified rate of hole number was 96.2%, the qualified rate of seed cover depth was 97.5%, and the degree of mechanical damage of daylighting surface was 16.8 mm/m2. The pass rate of daylighting surface width was 93.6%, and the test indicators had reached the relevant design requirements and agricultural standards.

 In view of the problems such as insufficient digging depth, large resistance to entering soil, serious power loss, poor effect of breaking soil and serious wear of shovel tip, etc., the parameters, driving mechanism and motion characteristics of excavator shovel of vibration excavator were studied and analyzed by theoretical calculation and simulation. The results show that the digging device adopts a sawtooth plane triangle shovel, and its cutting edge angle is less than 94°, the value range of embedment angle  is 20°-30°, the working depth is greater than 500 mm, the length  of the shovel surface is 772 mm, and the digging shovel is driven by a fourbar mechanism. According to the software simulation, it can be seen that the type of motion of the digging shovel during working is simple harmonic motion. The digging shovel is smooth and free from interference during the movement, and the movement characteristics are consistent with the theoretical derived values. When the forward speed of the harvester is 2.4 m/s, the entry angle is 25°, and the rotation speed is 280 r/min, the digging resistance of the digging shovel is the smallest. When the harvesting machine for rhizome Chinese medicinal materials adopts vibration excavating device for harvesting operation, it can effectively reduce the excavation resistance, and has a good effect of separating broken soil. The whole operation is stable, the work is reliable, and all performances meet the requirements of industry standards.

The mechanized harvesting of sisal hemp is an important link to achieve full mechanization of sisal hemp production. At present, the manual harvesting of sisal hemp has high labor intensity, low efficiency, and high cost. It is an urgent problem to realize mechanized harvest. In recent years, the research of sisal hemp harvesting machinery at home and abroad has progressed slowly, the overall practical application effect of research results is poor. This paper focuses on the structural characteristics of Chinas handheld, handpush, selfpropelled sisal hemp harvesting devices and analyze the main reasons for hindering development and popularization: labor intensity, inflexibility, poor versatility, and mechanical harvest difficulty caused by the characteristics of sisal hemp as well the nonfusion between agricultural machinery and agronomy. By comparing the performance of different cutting tools and analyzing the cutting mode and path, this paper put forward the design ideas and developed recommendations for sisal hemp harvester in China. It provided a reference for the development of sisal hemp harvesters in the future in China.

To solve the problems of bad upfilm operating effect and poor stability of the greenhouse vegetable pot seedling transplanter, an eightbar transplanting mechanism was developed. Its mathematical model was established with simulation analysis and effect verification. Using Adams dynamic simulation software, the virtual prototype of the eightbar mechanism was simulated and analyzed with the plant spacing of 200 mm, 300 mm, and 450 mm when the efficiency of seedling picking and dropping was 120 plants/min and the planting depth was 60 mm. The simulation results showed that the length of the plastic film met the industry standard of vegetable transplanter. The prototype of the eightbar mechanism was tested according to the measuring method of film surface connection length of vegetable transplanter. The test results showed that when plant spacing was 200 mm, 300 mm, and 450 mm, the average connection length of the film surface was 141 mm, 237 mm, and 368 mm, which were 8.5%, 6%, and 6.1% different from the simulation results respectively.

The spacing between fruit trees is generally larger than the spacing between plants, which can be directly weeded by lawnmowers, but the weeds between fruit trees cannot be removed by mechanized lawnmower operation. In this paper, a field experiment was carried out on F.USUFO mower in Yejia Pear Orchard in Taixing Jiangsu Province, Juyingge apple orchard in Peixian County, and Guanshan Catania tree garden in Suining County. The operating performance of the machine was tested by measuring the quality of harvesting grass, cutting width, stubble height, missing rate, obstacle avoidance damage rate, maximum difference between obstacle avoidance height and row height, and shortest obstacle avoidance distance. The field performance was tested using the reliability coefficient, mean time between failures, shift hour productivity, labor productivity, and oil consumption per unit area. The experimental result showed that the F.USUFO orchard obstacle avoidance mower can accomplish the interrow and interplant mowing. The smaller the slope between orchard rows, the flatter the road surface between orchard, and the larger the row spacing of fruit trees, the higher the operation quality of the lawnmower. The mowers working efficiency was 0.49 hm2/h, and the gas consumption per unit area was 11.41 kg/hm2.

In order to realize orchard mechanization management and production, improving quality and efficiency of industry, promoting the healthy and sustainable development for modern forest and fruit industry, a picking lifting operation platform suitable for characteristic forest and fruit industry was researched and developed considering with the actual situation of Xinjiang Corps. The overall structure and key components of orchard machinery were calculated, designed, and optimized. The walking, turning, climbing, lifting, picking, and other performance parameters through field tests. The test results showed that compared with manual operation, the picking efficiency of lifting platform mechanical operation increased by 50.31%, and the picking quantity increased by 41 kg/h, which integrates picking, transportation, pruning, and other functions, which reduced production cost, ensured the personal safety of operators, reduced work intensity, and improves labor comfort.

 Sow feeding is a very important part of pig breeding. In order to improve the litter rate of sows, an intelligent sow feeding control system was designed. The design of the system was based on embedded Linux, and the hardware equipment included Exynos4412 motherboard, peripheral control circuit integrated interface board, sensors, and actuators, which were responsible for information collection of sows, timing, quantitative feeding and launching, and control of the number of pigs in the device. The software was mainly composed of drivers and applications working together to keep the feeding logic running normally. The server was built in the cloud, and the application layer completed realtime data synchronization with the background through calling SQLiteAPI to achieve fine feeding. The experimental results showed that the discharge error of the control system was less than 3.6%, and the discharge error was less than 3.75%. It could monitor the temperature signal of pigs in realtime, and the error of repeated temperature measurement was ±0.2 ℃, which is beneficial to the management of sow health.

Aiming to solve the problems of low efficiency and low stability of the automatic transplanter at present, a picking and feeding control system of the cavity plate seedling combined the selfdesigned automatic transplanter device was designed using programmable logic controllers (PLC) and a field experiment was carried out. The experiment showed that the system could realize the coordination of picking and feeding seedlings through PLC control of multiple cylinders and stepper motors. When the transplanting rate was 60-120 plants/min, the success rate of feeding seedlings and the integrity rate of seedlings were both greater than 95%. The control system could adapt to the automatic transplanting operation under different transplanting rates, which realized efficient and stable automatic transplanting.

Abstract:  In order to solve the problems of great difficulty in artificial harvesting, low harvesting efficiency, and high loss rate, a harvesting method of first threshing and then separating was put forward, and a screening device was designed for the harvesting and screening of Cyperus esculentus L.. The device was mainly composed of a threshing system and a vibrating screen sorting system. The matrix method was used to analyze the kinematic theory of the vibrating screen mechanism. The ADAMS software was used to simulate the mechanism, obtain the displacement, velocity, and acceleration graphs of each point of the screen surface, analyze the motion change law of each point, and find the key factors affecting the motion of the screen surface. This paper took crank speed, screen angle, and amplitude as test factors, screening efficiency, and loss rate as the test indexes, and used DesignExpert software to analyze. The results showed that when the crank speed was 236.51 rad/min, the screen angle was 6.7°, the amplitude was 3.98 mm, the screening efficiency was 96.56%, and the loss rate was 1.83%, which meets the design requirements of the Cyperus esculentus L. harvester.

In order to understand the operating characteristics of fixed bed reversing ventilation drying of peanut and provide suitable parameters for the box type reversing ventilation drying equipment, a series of partial differential equations was established based on the heat and mass transfer between peanut and air. On this basis, the finite difference method was used to simulate the drying process. The effects of the length of ventilation drying time from bottom to top in the left and right drying chambers, the reversing time in the reversing drying stage, and the ventilation volume per unit volume on the drying behavior were analyzed. The optimal ventilation and drying parameters were determined by uniform design and comprehensive weighted scoring method. The results showed that in the bottomup ventilation stage, the heat was mainly used to heat peanut materials and rapidly evaporate the water in peanut pod surfaces. The drying and heating rate of the lower, middle, and upper materials was different, and it was easy to form a large moisture gradient. In the reversing ventilation drying stage, the material temperature fluctuated like a wave, which could effectively control the drying uniformity of the whole bed. Shortening the ventilation time from bottom to top was helpful to reduce energy consumption and moisture difference, but it had little impact on drying time and productivity. In addition, the change of reversing time had little influence on time consumption, productivity, energy consumption, and moisture content difference. The increase of ventilation volume would help to reduce drying time, water difference, and productivity, but energy consumption would also increase rapidly. Uniform design and synthetical weighted marks were used for solving optimal ventilation parameters. The results showed that the comprehensive effect of batch drying was the best when the ventilation volume was 1 394 m3/(m3h) with moisture content greater than 25%, 838 m3/(m3h) with moisture content between 15%-25%, and 1 760 m3/(m3h) with water content less than 15%. Finally, the accuracy of the model simulation was verified by the verification experiment. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between the simulation results and the experimental results was more than 0.98, which reflected that the simulation could accurately describe the changes in material temperature and moisture content in the drying process. This study provided a reference for the improvement of peanut reversing ventilation drying equipment and process optimization.

 Given the low density of cotton stalk compression baling and the poor reliability of compression baling equipment, the single factor and central combination tests of cotton stalk compression baling were carried out using the designed baling test bench of cotton stalk. In the test, cotton stalk moisture content, cotton stalk cutting length, cotton stalk feed amount, and compression piston compression frequency were taken as the test factors. The compression piston end face pressure, compression chamber pressure, and baling density of cotton stalk were taken as the test performance indexes. The regression equation between each test factor and test performance index was established. The influence rule of each test factor on the performance index was determined, optimization calculation was carried out, and the optimization results were verified by the tests. The results showed that the optimal combination of cotton stalk compression baling had cotton stalk moisture content of 30%, cotton stalk cutting length of 25 cm, cotton stalk feed amount of 2.15 kg/s, compression piston compression frequency of 110 times/min, compression piston end pressure of 13.84 kN, compression chamber pressure of 3.36 kN, and cotton straw baling density of 145.83 kg/m3, which provided theoretical guidance for the design of cotton stalk compression and baling machine.

 Since hilly orchard roads are rough and the fruit transport vehicles have poor vibration reduction effects, fruits are often damaged due to severe vehicle vibration. In order to ensure the quality of fruit transportation in the orchard, it was necessary to optimize the design of the vibration reduction system of the intelligent transport trolley in hilly areas. First, according to the terrain and landform of hilly orchards, the excitation map of transport vehicles was constructed. By analyzing the suspension system, a twostage vibration damping structure was designed for orchard transporter in hilly areas, and its parameters were optimized. Then the dynamic model of ADAMS was built to simulate and analyze its vibration reduction performance. The simulation results showed that the Zdirection and Xdirection vibration reduction performance of the secondstage vibration reduction structure was optimized by 908% and 24.22%, respectively, compared with the most widely used vibration reduction structure at present. The secondstage vibration reduction performance after parameter optimization was optimized by 7.1% compared with that before optimization.