Abstract: Precision fertilization technology and equipment is an important carrier to realize precision fertilization and improve fertilizer utilization. The research conducted by scholars at home and abroad on precision fertilization technology and equipment in orchards is listed, and the scheme of existing technology to realize precision fertilization is summarized from two aspects: precise control of the amount of fertilizer discharged and precise control of the fertilization position. Pointed out that the existing technology and equipment can not be based on the nutrient needs of a single fruit tree onsite preparation of personalized fertilizers, the application of point fertilization technology and equipment is relatively small, based on the growth of fruit trees, the lack of fertilizer decisionmaking model and other issues. It puts forward countermeasure suggestions such as strengthening policy support, indepth research on highquality fixedpoint fertilization technology and intelligent decisionmaking models.

Key words: orchard, precision fertilization, agricultural machinery, fertilizer discharge control, fertilization position control

摘要： 精准施肥技术装备是实现精准施肥、提高肥料利用率的重要载体。列举国内外学者在果园精准施肥技术装备开展的研究，从排肥量精准控制和施肥位置精准控制两个方面，总结归纳现有技术实现精准施肥的方案。指出现有技术装备无法根据单棵果树的养分需求现场配制个性化肥料、定点施肥技术装备应用较少、基于果树生长规律的施肥决策模型缺乏等问题。提出要加强政策支持、深入研究高质量定点施肥技术和智能决策模型等对策建议。

关键词: 果园, 精准施肥, 农业机械, 排肥量控制, 施肥位置控制