Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high tillage resistance, high power consumption and large amount of soil movement during the operation of the trencher of the current orchard ditching machine, a rotary trencher was designed and its structural parameters were optimized by orthogonal test. Combining theoretical analysis and empirical design, it was preliminarily determined that the range of cutting edge length of the trencher was 100-110mm, the cutting edge width ranges was 30-50mm and the value range of the angle of penetration was 19°-23°. The order of primary and secondary factors affecting power consumption obtained from orthogonal test were as follows: angle of penetration, width and length of cutting edge, the optimum combination were 21° angle of penetration, 40mm edge width and 105mm edge length. The order of the main and secondary factors affecting the cross section area of soil disturbance were as follows: angle of penetration, length of cutting edge, width of cutting edge, the optimal combination were 21° angle of penetration, 40mm edge width and 110mm edge length. The optimal combination of cutting edge length 105mm, cutting edge width 40mm and sinking angle 21° was obtained by comprehensive weighted scoring method. When these parameters combination were obtained in the field validation test, the power consumption of the trencher was 3.09kW and the cross section area of soil disturbance was 9 531.21mm2, which was better than the orthogonal test results of each group.

Key words: orchard, ditching machine, ditching applicator orthogonal test, comprehensive weighted scoring method, field management

摘要： 针对现果园开沟施肥机开沟器作业过程中耕作阻力大、功耗高、动土量大等问题，设计一种旋转式开沟器，运用正交试验对其结构参数进行优化确定。结合理论分析与经验设计，初步确定开沟器的刃口长度取值范围为100~110mm，刃口宽度取值范围为30~50mm，入土角取值范围为19°~23°。正交试验得到影响功耗的主次因素顺序为：入土角、刃口宽度、刃口长度，最优组合为入土角21°、刃口宽度40mm、刃口长度105mm；影响土壤扰动横截面面积的主次因素顺序为：入土角、刃口长度、刃口宽度，最优组合为入土角21°、刃口宽度40mm、刃口长度110mm。采用综合加权评分法对两指标综合评价得到最优组合为刃口长度105mm、刃口宽度40mm、入土角21°。田间验证试验表明：此参数组合时，开沟器作业时功耗为3.09kW，土壤扰动横截面面积为9531.21mm2，相对各组正交试验结果均较优。

关键词: 果园, 开沟施肥机, 开沟器正交试验, 综合加权评分法, 田间管理