Abstract: In response to problems such as the unstable and uniformity of the organic fertilizer application in modern apple orchards, combined with the cultivation mode and agronomic requirements of fertilization in the modern apple garden, a traction fertilizer machine was designed and its fertilizer discharge  device was also studied. With the amount and consistency of fertilizer discharge as the test index, the height of scraper, the speed of scraper chain, the height of baffle and the forward speed of unit as the test factors, the simulation was carried out by using discrete element software EDEM. The simulation results showed that the speed of the blade chain was 0.2 m/s, the exhaustible consistency effect of the exhaust unit was better, the height of the fertilizer plate, the speed of the unit advancement and the height of the shell featuring plate have no significant effect on the consistency of the fertilizer discharge, and all of the test factors have a significant impact on the fertilizer discharge amount. The trial system was tried, and the results showed that when the sprocket speed was 0.2 m/s, the height of the fertilizer plate was 0 mm, the fertilizer was 2.02 kg/s, and the theoretical value of the exhaust gas was 1.91 kg/s, the simulation calculated value was 1.96 kg/s, the error value was 5.44% and 2.97%; the simulation test and the consistency trend of the meter test were the same, when the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer was reduced, the consistency was consistent, the maximum error was 12.02%, which met the requirements of orchard operation.

Key words: apple orchard, trench fertilizer applicator, fertilizer discharge device, organic fertilizer, simulation calculation

摘要： 针对现代苹果园机施有机肥排肥不稳定和均匀性较差等问题，结合现代苹果园栽培模式和施肥农艺要求，设计一种牵引式施肥机械，并对其排肥装置进行研究。以排肥量和排肥一致性为试验指标，以刮肥板高度、刮肥板链条速度、挡肥板高度和机组前进速度为试验因素，利用离散元软件EDEM进行仿真模拟。仿真结果表明:刮肥板链条速度为0.2 m/s时，排肥装置的排肥一致性效果较好，挡肥板的高度、机组前进速度和刮肥板的高度对排肥一致性影响效果不显著，所有试验因素对排肥量均有显著影响。试制排肥装置进行台架试验，结果表明:在链条速度为0.2 m/s，挡肥板的高度为0 mm时，排肥量为2.02 kg/s；排肥量的理论计算值为1.91 kg/s、仿真计算值为1.96 kg/s，与试验值相比相对误差分别为5.44%和2.97%；模拟试验和台架试验的排肥一致性趋势相同，肥箱中的有机肥减少时，排肥一致性变大，最大误差为12.02%，满足果园作业要求。

关键词: 苹果园, 开沟施肥机, 排肥装置, 有机肥, 仿真模拟