Abstract: In the process of electric tractor energy management, the traditional fuzzy control is highly subjective, too dependent on personal experience, and it is difficult to achieve the optimal power distribution of lithium battery and super capacitor, a method based on equivalent fuel economy and battery SOC unit mileage retention is proposed. Firstly, the dual‑source system structure and dynamics model are constructed by combining the actual working conditions of the tractor, the NSGA—Ⅱ algorithm is used to optimize the fuzzy controller parameters and the affiliation function, the electric tractor model is built in Advisor, and the joint simulation is carried out by MATLAB/Simulink and Advisor. The results show that compared with the traditional dual‑source fuzzy control, the optimized energy management system of NSGA—Ⅱ can well meet the motor power demand and realize the reasonable power distribution of Li‑ion battery and super capacitor. At the same time, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced, the peak power and average power of the lithium battery operation are decreased by 68.98% and 18.36%, respectively, the equivalent fuel economy is improved by 17.39%, and the life of the lithium battery is extended, while the operating time of the electric tractor is prolonged.

Key words:  , electric tractors, energy , management, equivalent fuel economy, dual?source system

摘要： 针对电动拖拉机能量管理过程中，传统模糊控制主观性强，过于依赖个人经验，锂电池和超级电容难以达到最优功率分配的问题，提出一种以等效燃油经济性和蓄电池SOC单位里程保持率为优化目标的方法。结合拖拉机实际工况构建双源系统结构以及动力学模型，采用NSGA—Ⅱ算法对模糊控制器参数以及隶属度函数优化，在Advisor搭建电动拖拉机整机模型，通过MATLAB/Simulink与Advisor进行联合仿真。结果表明，与传统双源模糊控制相比，NSGA—Ⅱ优化后的能量管理系统能很好地满足电机功率需求，实现锂电池和超级电容的合理功率分配。整车能耗降低，锂电池工作时的峰值功率、平均功率分别下降68.98%、18.36%，等效燃油经济性提高17.39%，延长锂电池寿命，同时延长电动拖拉机作业时间。

关键词: 电动拖拉机, 能量管理, 等效燃油经济性, 双源系统