Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity, uneven spacing and low degree of mechanization and automation in the field swing operation of short black fungus sticks, an automatic field swing machine was designed and tested by combining with the agronomic requirements of field swing of ground‑planted sticks. Through the design and optimization of key components such as short stick container, pushing mechanism, lifting mechanism and stabilizing mechanism, the automation and mechanization of field swing process of short black fungus sticks was realized. In order to verify the operational performance of the field swing machine, a three‑factor, three‑level orthogonal test was designed and carried out with the aperture diameter of the hose of the centralizer, the minimum distance of the telescoping hose from the ground and the telescoping speed of the hose as the test factors, and the upright rate of the short black fungus sticks as the test indexes. The results of the field test show that the field swing machine can achieve high upright rate and uniform spacing of short black fungus sticks, the spacing between the stick rows is maintained at about 260 mm, and the spacing in the stick rows is maintained at 200-400 mm. When the diameter of the hose is 150 mm, the minimum distance from the ground is 100 mm, and the hose telescoping speed is 40 mm/s, the upright rate of sticks realized by the field swing machine is more than 97%, and the efficiency is 900 sticks/hour. The proposed automatic stick swing machine can realize the automation and mechanization of the field swing operation, reduce the dependence on manual labor, and the spacing of the mushroom sticks is more uniform and standard than the manual labor.

Key words:  , black fungus, fungal stick, swing machine, pushing mechanism, aligning mechanism

摘要： 针对黑木耳短棒摆场作业劳动强度大、摆场间距参差不齐、机械化自动化程度低等问题，结合地栽菌棒摆场的农艺要求，设计一种自动摆场机。通过对菌棒箱、推料机构、升降平台和扶正机构等关键部件的设计与优化，实现菌棒摆场过程的自动化、机械化。为验证摆场机的作业性能，以扶正机构的软管孔径、软管下压离地高度及软管上升速度为试验因素，以菌棒的立正率为试验指标，设计并开展三因素三水平正交试验。结果表明，该摆场机能达到较高的菌棒立正率,且菌棒间距均匀，菌棒横向间距保持在260 mm左右，纵向距离保持在200~400 mm。当软管孔径为150 mm、软管下压离地高度为100 mm、软管上升速度为40 mm/s时，摆场机的菌棒立正率达97%以上，且在此条件下摆场效率达900棒/h。研制的菌棒自动摆场机实现菌棒摆场作业的自动化及机械化，减轻对人工的依赖，且摆放的菌棒间距比人工摆放更均匀、更标准。

关键词: 黑木耳, 菌棒, 摆场机, 推料机构, 扶正机构