Development and experiment of potato seedling cover device with soil

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.05.003

Abstract

Abstract: In response to the problems of low soil coverage qualification rate, high fluctuation rate, and severe soil compaction in the traditional potato seedling soil covering machine in the northwest arid area, based on the agronomic requirements of potato seedling covering cultivation in the whole area of plastic film covering in the northwest arid area, a potato seedling soil covering device was designed through theoretical analysis and discrete element simulation, with a focus on analyzing the soil lifting device, lateral opposite row covering device,the working mechanism of the trenching and shaping device and the hole punching device, and their structural parameters were determined. With low soil coverage qualification rate and fluctuation rate of the seedling belt as indicators, a lateral opposite row soil covering device with a screw conveyor speed of 200 r/min was obtained by simulation and optimization.The field experiments show that the fluctuation rate of soil cover onpotato seedling operated by the newly developed potato seedling soil covering machine is smaller than that of the potato fertilization, sowing, ridging, and full film covering seed row cover soil machine previously studied by the research team. At the same time, the qualified rate of seed row cover soil thickness and width are 92.3% and 91.8%, respectively, whilethe degree of damage to the plastic film daylighting surface is 49.8 mm/m2, This indicates that the designed potato seedling soil covering machine meets the requirements of the national potato planting machine and film covering planting machine.

Key words: potatoes, seedling belt covered with soil, side to side covering with soil, perforation on film

摘要： 针对西北旱区传统马铃薯苗带覆土作业机存在覆土合格率低、苗带波动率大、苗带土壤板结严重等问题，基于西北旱区马铃薯全域地膜覆盖、苗带覆土栽培农艺要求，通过理论分析和离散元仿真，设计马铃薯苗带覆土装置。重点解析苗带提土装置、侧向对行覆土装置、开沟整形装置和膜上打孔装置作业机理，确定其结构参数。以覆土合格率、苗带波动率为指标，仿真模拟优化得到侧向对行覆土装置螺旋输土器转速为200 r/min。田间试验表明，马铃薯苗带覆土作业机作业后，相比于马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖苗带覆土作业机覆土波动率变小，同时测得苗带覆土厚度合格率为92.3％、苗带覆土宽度合格率为91.8％，地膜采光面破损程度为49.8 mm/m2，表明设计的马铃薯苗带覆土作业机符合国家马铃薯种植机以及覆膜种植机的要求。

关键词: 马铃薯, 苗带覆土, 侧向对行覆土, 膜上打孔

CLC Number:

S223

Wang Hai, Liu Quandong, Sun Wei, Che Xinglong. Development and experiment of potato seedling cover device with soil[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(5): 12-18.

王海, 刘泉东, 孙伟, 车兴龙. 马铃薯苗带覆土装置研制与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(5): 12-18.

References

［1］　李紫辉，温信宇，吕金庆，等. 马铃薯种植机械化关键技术与装备研究进展分析与展望［J］. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50（3）：1-16.
Li Zihui, Wen Xinyu, Lü Jinqing, et al. Analysis and prospect of research progress on key technologies and equipments of mechanization of potato planting ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2019, 50 （3）：1-16.
［2］　Kang Wenqin，Fan Mingshou，Ma Zhong, et al. Luxury absorption of potassium by potato plants ［J］．American Journal of Potato Research，2014，91（5） : 573-578．
［3］　戚迎龙，史海滨，李瑞平，等. 滴灌水肥一体化条件下覆膜对玉米生长及土壤水肥热的影响［J］. 农业工程学报，2019，35（5）：99-110.
Qi Yinglong, Shi Haibin, Li Ruiping, et al. Effects of film mulching on maize growth and soil water, fertilizer and heat under fertigation of drip irrigation ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35 （5）：99-110.
［4］　王虎存，赵武云，孙伟，等. 马铃薯机械化收获技术与装备研究进展［J］. 农业工程学报，2023，39 （13）：1-22.
Wang Hucun, Zhao Wuyun, Sun Wei, et al. Research progress on the technology and equipment for potato mechanized harvesting ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023, 39（14）: 1-22.
［5］　刘泉东,孙伟,张华,等.西北寒旱区马铃薯膜顶坐土促生机理研究现状及进展［J］.林业机械与木工设备,2022,50（2）:10-15.
Liu Quandong, Sun Wei, Zhang Hua, et al. Research status and progress of potato filmroofed soilpromoting mechanism in cold and arid areas of northwest china ［J］. Forestry Machinery & Working Equipment, 2022, 50（2）: 10-15.
［6］　Qin Shuhao， Zhang Junlian， Dai Hailin，et al． Effect of ridgefurrow and plasticmulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement of potato in a semiarid area ［J］. Agricultural Water Management，2014，131: 87-94．
［7］　Li K，Li S，Teng X，et al. Integrated design and evaluation of a soilcovering and filmmulching device for sugarcane transverse planters ［J］. Agronomy, 2021, 11: 1382.
［8］　Zheng Z，Fu Z，Wang C，et al. Design and experimental research on soil covering device with linkage and differential adjustment of potato planter ［J］. Agriculture, 2021, 11: 665.
［9］　范玉滨, 杨然兵, 柴恒辉, 等. 膜上苗带覆土装置的设计与试验研究［J］.中国农机化学报, 2014, 35（5）: 5-8.
Fan Yubin, Yang Ranbing, Chai Henghui, et al. Design and experiment of covering device of membrane seedling ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2014, 35（5）: 5-8.
［10］　张小莉,李亚萍,杨继芳.基于离散元的播种机覆土滚筒参数优选与分析［J］.中国农机化学报,2020,41（6）:43-48.
Zhang Xiaoli,Li Yaping，Yang Jifang. Optimization and analysis of parameters of soil covering roller of seeder based on discrete element ［J］. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization，2020，41（6）:43-48.
［11］　孙伟, 刘小龙, 张华, 等. 马铃薯施肥播种起垄全膜覆盖苗带覆土一体机设计［J］. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33（20）: 14-22.
Sun Wei, Liu Xiaolong, Zhang Hua, et al. Design of potato casing soil planter in allinone machine combined with fertilizing, sowing, ridging, complete film mulching and planting line covering ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33（20）: 14-22.
［12］　杨来胜，王程，何培洪，等. 西北地区马铃薯膜上覆土最佳土层厚度试验［J］.农学学报, 2016, 6（7）:60-63.
Yang Laisheng, Wang Cheng, He Peihong, et al. Experiment on the optimal soil layer thickness of potato film covering soil in the northwest region ［J］. Journal of Agriculture, 2016, 6（7）：60-63.
［13］　Srivastava A K，Goering C E，Rohrbach R P，et al. Engineering principles of agricultural machines ［J］. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2006.
［14］　戴飞，宋学锋，赵武云，等. 微垄式覆膜覆土联合作业机设计与试验［J］. 农业机械学报, 2020, 51（3）：97-105,129.
Dai Fei, Song Xuefeng, Zhao Wuyun, et al. Design and experiment of operation machine for filming and covering soil on tiny ridges ［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2020, 51 （3）: 97-105,129.

[1]	Cheng Songsong, Yu Zhixuan, Fan Tao, Zhou Chunjian, Zhao Xiong. Design and experiment of self-propelled high-density transplanting machine for green vegetables [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(5): 26-33.
[2]	Shao Zhigang, Liu Chongyang, Wang Xiangchun. Research on the sowing information collection system of cotton precision dibblers [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(5): 43-49.
[3]	Chen Liang, Pan Rui, Zhou Dingwu, Xiang Penghua, Sun Chaoran, Xiao Mingtao. Design and experimental study of control system for automatic pneumatic seedling feeder [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(5): 50-57.
[4]	Li Yunlong, Wang Jiazhong, Wang Zehe, Tian Haijie, Yi Jinggang. Simulation analysis and performance test on pulsation of maize precise fertilization [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(5): 141-147.
[5]	Peng Zehui, Yang Fazhan, , Zhao Shuo, Song Quan, Xu Guoli, Shen Xitong. Research progress on taking mechanism of automatic transplanter for pothole seedling [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 22-28.
[6]	Yuan Peichao, Ji Yao, Zhang Wenyi, Zhou Xunze. Research status and prospects of mechanized transplanting of bowl‑seedlings in rice [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 29-34.
[7]	Zhang Ran, Sun Jingbin, Zhang Yunlong, Zhang Haixin, Liang Zhaogang, Zhao Ying. Research on seeding technology and equipment based on soybean and corn compound planting#br# [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 35-41.
[8]	Zheng Xiongwen, Yang Zhenhua, Lin Jiqing, Qian Chen, Zhu Xianfa, Du Xiaoqiang, . Design and experiment on short stick field swing machine for black fungus [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(4): 186-193.
[9]	Liu Xiaowei, Ma Shucen, Cheng Xiaolei, Wang Chao, Xu Zhenxing, Liu Hengxin. Comparative experimental research on the field operation quality of different types of seeders [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(3): 1-5.
[10]	Wu Haifeng, Zhang Xuejun, Shi Zenglu, Cheng Jinpeng, Yu Yongliang. Design and experiment of a top bar clamping-type maize precision seed-metering device [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(3): 11-18.
[11]	Yuan Peichao, Ji Yao, Zhang Wenyi. Design and experiment of an ordered rice seedling throwing device based on UAV platform [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(3): 19-24.
[12]	Yang Fan, , Teng Li, Shen Jingxin, , Zhu Jinghong, , Sun Yongjia, , Sun Yitian, . Design and experiment of a pneumatic seed metering device for soybean breeding in small plots [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(3): 33-39.
[13]	Lou Tingting, Wang Tao, Fei Yan, Liu Guoguang, Zhang Jiaqing, Wang Lei. Research on key technologies for mechanized vegetable transplanting in Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(3): 54-58.
[14]	Yang Shuangping, Ye Yunxia, Guo Gang, Zhang Yi. Design and test of flexible clamping device for safflower [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 14-19.
[15]	Ye Haiping, Zheng Zhijian. Design and experiment of end effector for cactus automatic transplanter [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(2): 20-26.