Abstract:  In order to improve the mechanical recovery rate of jujube in the dwarfed dense planting mode in Xinjiang, a vibration harvester based on small electric tricycle was designed and developed according to the characteristics of row spacing, plant spacing, height, trunk diameter and crown diameter of jujube trees in the dwarfed dense planting mode. The vibration conditions of fruit drop were analyzed, and the connection between jujube and jujube branches was measured at different harvesting times. The key parameters of vibration motor speed, weight of eccentric block, clamping height and excitation time were analyzed and orthogonal field experiments were carried out. The data processing of range analysis and intersubject effect test of correlation of each factor were used. The results show that when the motor speed is 1140r/min, the eccentric block mass is 650g, the clamping height is 300mm, and the vibration time is 9s, which is the optimal combination. The influence of each factor on the recovery efficiency is in the order of clamping height, vibration speed, eccentric block weight and vibration time, and the optimal combination is verified. The average recovery rate was 90.31%. The water content of unshaken jujube fruit and its continuous flow were measured. The water content of unshaken jujube fruit and its continuous relay were measured. The average water content was 39.21%, and the continuous relay was 1-5.5 N, which was greater than that of shaken jujube fruit and its continuous relay. This study provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the design of the vibratory harvester of dwarf and dense planting model.

Key words: jujube, harvester, vibration harvesting, dwarf and dense planting mode, parameter analysis, agricultural machinery

摘要： 为提高新疆矮化密植模式下红枣机械化采收率，针对矮化密植枣园枣树行距、株距、高度、树干径和冠直径小的特点，设计研制基于小型电动三轮车的振动采收机。分析振动落果条件，测量不同采收时间红枣与枣枝的连接力；对机具振动电机转速、偏心块质量、夹持高度和激振时长关键参数进行分析与田间试验，利用极差分析法和各因素相关性主体间效应检验的数据处理。结果表明，当电机转速为1140r/min，偏心块质量为650g，夹持高度为300mm，振动时间为9s时，为最优组合；各因素对采收率影响显著强弱顺序依次为夹持高度、振动转速、偏心块重量和振动时长，并对最优组合进行验证试验，平均采收率为90.31%；对未振落红枣果实的含水率和连接力进行测定，平均含水率为39.21%，连接力为1~5.5N，大于被振落红枣的含水率和连接力。为矮化密植模式红枣振动采收机设计提供理论依据和技术参考。

关键词: 红枣, 采收机, 振动采收, 矮化密植模式, 参数分析, 农业机械