Abstract: The mechanization level of transplanting root and stem Chinese medicinal herbs, including Codonopsis pilosula, remains low. The technology for transplanting such herbs with film covering on the exposed surface is still in its early stages of research and development, and the prototype for Codonopsis pilosula has yet to be industrialized, relying primarily on traditional manual transplanting methods. This article addresses the development needs of the Codonopsis pilosula industry, drawing upon the agricultural requirements for highyield and highquality filmcovered transplanting, and integrates the research status of automated transplanting technology and root and stem Chinese medicinal herb transplanting machines both domestically and internationally. It delves into the constraints hindering the mechanized transplanting of Codonopsis pilosula with film covering. The analysis uncovers the “bottleneck” technologies, which include achieving highquality and lowenergy operations of the entire machine, separating Codonopsis pilosula seedlings, aligning and directionally transplanting them, controlling the distance of seedlings adjacent to the film, and achieving fully automated transplanting. This article emphasizes the need to focus on key technologies for Codonopsis pilosula filmcovered transplanters, such as drag reduction and energy conservation in trench digging, orderly and flexible seedling separation, directional planting, precise soil and film covering, and automated electrical control of transplanting. This article serves as a valuable reference for research on the key technologies of mechanized transplanting of Codonopsis pilosula with film covering and aids in the development of selfpropelled transplanters suitable for hilly and mountainous regions. It aims to elevate the mechanization level of Codonopsis pilosula transplanting operations.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, transplanting with exposedhead and coveredbody by film, orderly seedling division, reduce drag and open trenches, directional transplantation, transplanting electrical control technology

摘要： 当前党参等根茎类中药材移栽环节机械化水平低，中药材露头覆膜移栽技术还处于研发初期，党参露头覆膜移栽样机尚未产业化应用，目前党参主要采用传统人工移栽。针对党参产业发展需求，基于高产高质的露头覆膜移栽农艺要求，结合国内外自动化移栽技术和根茎类中药材移栽机的研究现状，探寻党参露头覆膜机械化移栽制约因素，分析总结“卡脖子”技术包括整机低耗高质作业、党参种苗单体分离、苗头对齐定向移栽、膜侧苗头距离控制和全自动化移栽。提出党参露头覆膜移栽机需重点攻关减阻降耗开沟、有序柔性分苗、定向投苗栽植、精确覆土覆膜和移栽自动电控等关键技术，为党参露头覆膜机械化移栽的关键技术研究提供参考，助力研发适宜于丘陵山区的自走式党参露头覆膜移栽机，提升党参移栽作业机械化水平。

关键词: 党参, 露头覆膜移栽, 有序分苗, 减阻开沟, 定向移栽, 移栽电控技术