Abstract: In order to fill the gap in informatization digitization and intelligence of precision film planting machines, a planting information collection system of cotton precision dibblers are designed. By analyzing the structure and working principle of cotton precision dibblers, six selection schemes for sowing monitoring sensors are proposed. Based on sensor selection experiments, it is finally determined that using two reflection sensors combined with a scanning time difference algorithm can achieve the accurate collection of cotton seed sowing signals. The system uses PLC as the core controller, and designs a cotton seed sowing signal acquisition program based on the scanning time difference algorithm of two reflection sensors. The bench test showed that the collection accuracy of the system was above 97%, and the cavity test proved that the cavity collection accuracy of the system was 100% at any speed. At the same time, it was found that there were 1 hole, 2 types, and holes in the hole planter. The material preparation and collection system construction for the field experiment were completed. The working speed of the seeder was adjusted to 3.5 km/h and 10 sets of seeding information collection experiments were conducted. Field experiments show that the field collection accuracy of this system can reach over 95%. The Ftest was used to analyze the homogeneity of variance between the actual number of qualified holes and the number of collected qualified holes in field experimental data. The Fvalue was less than F0.05 (9,9), and there was no significant difference between the systems collected values and the manually measured values. This indicates that the monitoring system has good accuracy and stability in field operations and can achieve accurate collection of sowing signals.

Key words: cotton, precision dibblers, the scanning time difference algorithm, planting information, collection system, hole collection

摘要： 为填补精量铺膜播种机信息化、数字化、智能化空白，设计一种棉花精量穴播器播种信息采集系统。分析棉花精量穴播器结构及工作原理，提出6种播种监测传感器的选用方案。通过传感器选型试验，最终确定使用2个漫反射传感器并配合扫描时间差算法能够实现棉花种子播种信号的精准采集。系统采用PLC作为核心控制器，基于扫描时间差算法，设计棉花种子播种信号采集程序。台架试验表明，该系统采集精度在97%以上，空穴试验证明系统在任何转速下空穴采集精度是100%；同时，发现穴播器存在1穴2种及空穴的情况。完成田间试验的材料准备及采集系统搭建，调整播种机工作速度为3.5 km/h，进行10组播种信息采集试验。田间试验表明，该系统田间采集精度可以达到95%以上。使用F检验对田间试验数据中实际合格穴数与采集合格穴数进行方差齐性分析，其F值小于F0.05（9, 9），系统采集值与人工实测值没有显著性差异，表明监测系统在田间作业下具有良好的准确性和稳定性，能够实现播种信号的精确采集。

关键词: 棉花, 精量穴播器, 扫描时间差算法, 播种信息, 采集系统, 空穴采集