Abstract: In view of the problems of large excavation resistance and easy soil blocking on the excavation shovel surface of the existing Radix Isatidis harvesting machines and tools, based on the study of tuber crop harvesting machines at home and abroad, and according to the agronomic requirements, biological characteristics and soil conditions at the time of harvesting, a special twoline Radix Isatidis harvesting machine with a working width of 130cm and a maximum excavation depth of 40cm is designed, which can complete the functions of excavation, screening and laying of Radix Isatidis in one entry. The working principle of the harvester is described. The momentum theorem, kinetic energy theorem and geometric relationship are used to design and calculate the excavation shovel, and the best penetration angle of the excavation shovel α、shovel face width b、shovel face length l and other parameters are obtained. The finite element analysis and optimization of the excavation shovel are carried out by using the Simulation plugin in SolidWorks software. Finally, experimental verification is carried out. The best penetration angle α is 20°, the shovel width b is 1328mm, and the shovel length l is 245mm. The finite element analysis shows that the failure risk can be effectively reduced by adding a beam behind the shovel and reducing the maximum displacement of the shovel from 1mm to 0.01mm. The field test of the whole machine shows that the backwater rate of excavation shovel is low and there is no obvious deformation. When the operation speed is 1.6km/h and the excavation depth is 40cm, the average excavation rate is 97.6% and the damage rate is 2.4%.

Key words: Radix Isatidis root harvester, digging shovel, Simulation, finite element analysis, harvesting machinery

摘要： 针对现有板蓝根收获机具存在挖掘阻力大、挖掘铲面容易壅土等问题，在研究国内外块茎类作物收获机械的基础上，根据板蓝根的农艺要求、生物特点、收获时的土壤条件等，设计一种作业幅宽为130cm、最大挖掘深度为40cm、一次进地可完成板蓝根的挖掘、筛分、铺放等功能的专用两行板蓝根收获机具。运用动量定理、动能定理和几何关系对挖掘铲进行设计，计算得出挖掘铲的最佳入土角α、铲面宽度b、铲面长度l等参数。利用SolidWorks软件中Simulation插件对挖掘铲进行有限元分析并优化。并进行试验验证，试验发现：最佳的入土角α为20°，铲宽b为1328mm，铲长l为245mm；有限元分析表明通过在挖掘铲后方增加一道梁，将挖掘铲最大位移量从1mm减小到0.01mm，能有效减低失效风险。对整机进行田间试验，结果表明：挖掘铲壅土率低，未出现明显变形；在作业速度1.6km/h、挖掘深度40cm的情况下，平均挖净率97.6%、损伤率2.4%。

关键词: 板蓝根收获机, 挖掘装置, Simulation, 有限元分析, 收获机械