Abstract: The complex structure of crop root soil composites results in their mechanical properties different from those of single materials. In order to optimize the structure of agricultural machinery and improve the quality of tillage and land preparation, it is necessary to study the mechanical properties of root soil composites. By introducing the unique characteristics of crop root soil composites in agricultural production, such as shear resistance, tensile strength, friction and compression vibration mechanics, and based on the structural and physical characteristics of crop root soil composites such as corn, yam and rice, this paper briefly introduces the commonly used methods for studying crop root soil composites, such as laboratory testing, numerical simulation. Its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the current research status of mechanical properties and corresponding discrete element models of root soil composites is mastered. In order to promote the improvement and promotion of agricultural machinery, this study proposes the following suggestions: Firstly, the mechanical properties of crop root soil composites are analyzed from multiple perspectives to obtain more comprehensive and accurate data. Secondly, the cross fusion research of different experimental methods is strengthened to improve research efficiency and accuracy. Finally, research and development support for specialized machinery and tools is increased to promote the improvement of agricultural mechanization level.

Key words: crop, root?soil complex, mechanical properties, shear strength, discrete element model

摘要： 作物根土复合体的复杂结构导致其力学特性不同于单一材料，为优化农机具结构、提升耕整地质量，对根土复合体的力学特性进行研究是非常有必要的。介绍作物根土复合体在农业生产中展现出独特的抗剪特性、抗拉特性、摩擦特性及挤压振动力学特性等。根据玉米、山药、水稻等作物根土复合体的结构特点及物理特性，研究作物根土复合体常用的方法如实验室测试、数值模拟等，并分析其优缺点。掌握当前根土复合体力学特性和相应离散元模型的研究现状。为推动农业机械的改进与推广应用，提出以下建议：首先，多角度分析作物根土复合体的力学特性，以获取更全面准确的数据；其次，加强不同试验方法的交叉融合研究，提高研究效率与准确性；最后，加大专用机具的研发支持力度，推动农业机械化水平的提升。

关键词: 作物, 根土复合体, 力学特性, 抗剪强度, 离散元模型