Abstract:  In order to have a systematic understanding of the historical development of corn as well as analyze and summarize the characteristics of the change in layout of corn production in the three major plains since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, and discuss the reasons for such changes, this paper divided the period from 1949 to 2020 into five stages, calculates the corn production concentration index for more than 70 years, and conducts a horizontal and longitudinal comparative analysis of the corn production concentration index of the three major plains. The gap between the corn production concentration indexes in the three major plains gradually increased with change in time, among which the index of corn production concentration in the northeast plain and the north China plain was much higher than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After 2011, the corn production concentration index in the northeast plain exceeded 40%, which opened up a gap in corn production with the north China plain. In conclusion, the domestic maize production layout continues to gather in the northeast and north China plains, and the concentration of corn production in the northeast plain accounts for nearly half of Chinas maize production. After the implementation of the “grain feed” policy and the subsidy policy for corn producers in three northeastern provinces and one district, the area planted with corn in China has decreased, and the corresponding output has also declined.

Key words: three plains, corn production, production layout, layout changes, policy changes

摘要： 为了对玉米历史发展有系统的认识，对建国以来三大平原上玉米生产布局的变动特征进行分析归纳，并探讨其发生如此变化的原因。将1949—2020年划分为五个阶段，计算出70多年来玉米生产集中度指数并对三大平原的玉米生产集中度指数进行横向和纵向的对比分析。三大平原间玉米生产集中度指数差距随着时间变化而逐渐增大，其中东北平原和华北平原的玉米生产集中的指数远高于长江中下游平原，2011年之后东北平原玉米生产集中度指数达到40%以上，与华北平原的玉米生产拉开差距。国内玉米生产布局不断向东北和华北平原集聚，东北平原玉米生产集中度占全国玉米生产的近一半。在“粮改饲”政策和针对东北三省一区的玉米生产者补贴政策实施后，我国的玉米种植面积减少，相应的产量也有所下降。

关键词: 三大平原, 玉米生产, 生产布局, 布局变迁, 政策变化