Abstract: At present, most of the existing fungus pickers in China are single mechanical picking, lacking automatic control module, and the picking speed is slow. It is easy to damage the fungus stick and fungus ear pieces in the picking process, which affects the quality of fungus, and then affects the yield. Compared with the traditional fungus picker, this paper designs an automatic fungus picker based on MCU control, composed of rack, picking device, conveying device, holding device, positioning device, power component and control system, analyzes the mechanism analysis and structure design of the key component picking device, establishes the necessary technical parameters, and determines the scheme design, hardware selection and software programming according to the working process of the picker. Taking the rod speed, scraper angle and scraper spacing as the test factors and the test factors, the working parameters of the picker were optimized, and the optimal parameter combination was determined: the rod speed is 267r/min, the scraper spacing is 33mm, and the scraper angle is 46°. Finally, the average net picking rate is 97.5%, and the average damage rate is 1.1%.

Key words: fungus, fungus stick, automatic picker, orthogonal test

摘要： 国内现有的木耳采摘机多为单一机械采摘，缺少自动化控制模块，采摘速度慢，采摘过程中菌棒和木耳耳片易破损，影响木耳品质和产量。基于此，设计一种基于单片机控制的自动式木耳采摘机。该采摘机由机架、采摘装置、输送装置、夹持装置、定位装置、动力组件和控制系统组成。对关键部件采摘装置进行机理分析和结构设计，确立关键技术参数，根据采摘机的工作过程确定控制系统的方案、硬件选型和软件编程。以菌棒转速、刮刀角度以及刮刀间距为试验因素，采净率、破损率为试验指标，进行二次回归正交试验，对采摘机工作参数进行优化，确定最优参数组合：菌棒转速为267 r/min、刮刀间距为33 mm、刮刀角度为46°。试验结果表明，该采摘机的平均采净率为97.5%、平均破损率为1.1%。

关键词: 木耳, 菌棒, 自动采摘机, 正交试验