Abstract: At present, Chinese cabbage is mostly sown by artificial sowing, which is not only low level of mechanization, but also high labor cost. Aiming at this problem, this paper designs an air suction type cabbage seeder, and studies the trench opener on the machine. Through calculation, the key parameters of the trencher are determined, including: the insertion angle is 123°, the sliding blade angle is 35°, the sliding blade curve function is Y=0.002x2+0.7x. In order to improve the furrow opening performance of the furrow opener, two types of furrow opener, type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ, are designed in this paper. EDEM software is used to simulate the furrow opening conditions of the two types of furrow opener in the soil tank. After comparison, the furrow opening performance of the type Ⅰ furrow opener is determined to be better. The statics analysis of type Ⅰ furrow opener was carried out by ANSYS finite element analysis software, and the design of furrow opener was verified to meet the strength requirements of materials. Finally, field tests were carried out on the machine, and the sowing capacity of the machine was 4.08 kg/hm2. The standard deviation was 0.12 g and the coefficient of variation was 3.1%. The standard deviation of total seeding stability was 0.97 g, and the coefficient of variation was 2.8%. The experimental results show that the planter has good sowing uniformity in each row, which can provide theoretical reference for the design of cabbage sowing machinery and improve the production efficiency of vegetable planting industry.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, seeder, ditcher, air suction, field test

摘要： 目前，我国小白菜多采用人工撒播的播种方式，不仅机械化水平低，而且劳动力成本高。针对这一问题，设计一款气吸式小白菜播种机，并对开沟器进行研究。通过计算，确定开沟器的关键参数，入土角为123°、滑刀刃口角为35°、滑刀的刀刃曲线函数y=0.002x2+0.7x。为提升开沟器的开沟性能，设计Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两款开沟器，采用EDEM软件模拟两款开沟器在土槽中的开沟状况，对比后最终确定Ⅰ型开沟器的开沟性能较优。通过ANSYS有限元分析软件对Ⅰ型开沟器进行静力学分析，验证开沟器的设计符合材料的强度要求。最后，对整机进行田间试验测试，测出整机播种量为4.08 kg/hm2；各行播量一致性的标准差为0.12 g，变异系数为3.1%；总播量稳定性的标准差为0.97 g，变异系数为28%。试验结果表明该播种机播种均匀性良好，能为小白菜等播种机械的设计提供理论参考以及提高青菜种植业的生产效率。

关键词: 小白菜, 播种机, 开沟器, 气吸式, 田间测试