Abstract: In order to effectively improve the problems of soil fineness and low levelness, the design and optimization of the press and the press height adjustment device of the vegetable finishing machine were carried out. Two sets of ballast height adjustment devices were designed. One kind of ballast height adjustment device was composed of doubleacting hydraulic cylinder, control valve, hydraulic pipeline, hydraulic operating mechanism, monitoring wheel, pressure sensor and other components, which could realize automatic adjustment of depth feedback; another kind of height adjustment device was to change the distance between the roller and the soil by turning the handle. The maximum adjustable distance was 10 cm. The structure was simple and compact, and it was convenient for maintenance. This paper expounds the working principle of the pressing parts of the vegetable land preparation machine, redesigns the pressing roller shaft and other parts, and carries out field test and research. The results of the field test showed that under the same condition of soil moisture content of 20.5%, when the traction speed was 1.2 m/s and the rotation speed of the soil breaking roller was 439 r/min, the effect of the traction speed and the rotation speed of the soil breaking roller on the soil smoothness was the best. When the traction speed was 1.1 m/s, the speed of the power output shaft was 720 r/min, and the soil moisture content was the same, the soil evenness of the twoaxle machine was significantly better than that of the singleaxle machine. The test results conform to the optimized parameters, and can meet the current operating quality standards of vegetable graders.

Key words: finishing machine, repressor, hydraulic system, height adjustment, planeness

摘要： 为有效改善土壤细碎程度和平整度较低等问题，对蔬菜精整地机的镇压器、镇压高度调节装置进行设计及优化。设计两套镇压器高低调节装置，一种镇压高度调节装置是由双作用液压缸、控制阀、液压管路、液压操作机构、监测轮、压力传感器等部件组成，可以实现压深反馈自动调节；另一种镇压高度调节装置是通过转动手柄来改变镇压辊与土壤的间距，可调节的最大距离为10 cm，结构简单紧凑，便于维修。阐述蔬菜整地机具的镇压部件工作原理，重新设计镇压辊轴等部件，并进行田间试验研究。田间试验结果表明：土壤含水率在20.5%的相同情况下，牵引速度为1.2 m/s、碎土辊转速为439 r/min时，土壤平整度效果最佳，牵引速度和碎土辊转速对土壤平整度的影响是极显著；牵引速度为1.1 m/s，动力输出轴转速为720 r/min，土壤含水率相同时，双轴机具土壤平整度明显优于单轴机具。试验结果符合优化参数，且能够达到目前蔬菜整地机的作业质量标准。

关键词: 精整地机, 镇压器, 液压系统, 高度调节, 平整度