Abstract: In order to improve the harvest efficiency of landing jujube， save harvest cost and reduce labor intensity， a landing jujube harvester based on the principle of air suction pickup was designed. Jujube was regarded as an equivalent sphere based on the measurement of its quality and volume， after theoretical calculation， the suspension speed range of jujube was determined; according to the pneumatic conveying principle， 1.5 times of the maximum suspension speed was taken as the design goal of the conveying speed of the air suction pipeline. By analyzing the force and movement of materials in the air suction pipeline， the movement state of the materials in the gas flow was determined， taking it as the theoretical basis of the design and the basis of machine optimization， so as to improve the whole design. Selecting the gas flow speed of suction port， the rotating speed of the mower and the height of the jujube pile as the factors， the impurity content and the harvest rate as the measurement indexes， and the orthogonal test was designed to verify the working performance of the machine. The test results showed that when the gas flow speed of suction port was 35 m/s， the rotation speed of the mower was 300 r/min， and the height of the jujube pile was 10 cm， the working effect of the machine was the best， the impurity content was less than 1.98%， and the harvest rate was more than 98.82%. Through the analysis， the gas flow speed of suction port had the greatest influence on the impurity content and harvest rate. The analysis of variance showed that the P values of gas flow speed of suction port were 0.01 and 0.001 respectively， followed by the rotation speed of mower， and the P values were 0.019 and 0.003 respectively. The jujube pile height had a significant influence， but compared with the other two factors， the influence was small， and the P values were 0.029 and 0.034 respectively.

Key words: picking up jujube, air suction pickup, force analysis, orthogonal test

摘要： 为提高落地红枣收获效率，节省收获成本，降低劳动强度，设计一种以气吸捡拾为核心的落地红枣捡拾机。通过对红枣质量、体积的测定，将红枣等效为当量球体，经过理论计算，得出红枣悬浮速度范围；根据气力输送原理，取最大计算悬浮速度的1.5倍作为气吸管道输送速度的设计目标，通过对物料在气吸管道中的受力及运动分析，得出物料在气流中的运动趋势和规律，以此为理论基础和机具优化设计依据，完善设计；以吸口风速、翻草器转速、枣堆厚度为因素，含杂率、捡拾率为衡量指标设计正交试验对机具工作性能进行验证。试验结果表明：吸口风速为35 m/s，翻草器转速为300 r/min，枣堆厚度为10 cm时，机具工作效果最佳，含杂率小于1.98%，捡拾率大于98.82%。综合分析，吸口风速对指标含杂率、捡拾率影响最大，由方差分析得其P值分别为0.01、0.001，翻草器转速次之，P值分别为0.019、0.003，枣堆厚度影响显著，但相对其他两因素影响较小，P值分别为0.029、0.034。

关键词: 红枣捡拾, 气吸捡拾, 受力分析, 正交试验