Abstract: Environmental efficiency is an important index to measure the coordinated development of japonica rice production economy and environment, and its improvement is the key to realize the green and sustainable increase. Based on the gray water footprint perspective, this paper selected panel data from 13 major japonica riceproducing provinces in China from 2005 to 2020 and constructed a mediation effect model based on SBM-DEA to empirically analyze the internal mechanism of rural labor transfer affecting environmental efficiency of japonica rice production. The results showed that the gray water footprint emissions of japonica rice production in China decreased significantly from 2005 to 2020, but the range of high gray water footprint was obviously expanded. Chinas annual mean value of the environment efficiency of japonica rice production was 0.775 0 and this number decreased from 2005, implying an everincreasing ecological cost of japonica rice production. The rural labor transfer significantly reduced the environmental efficiency of japonica rice production. Although it could be improved by increasing the per capital deposable income and promoting the scale of japonica rice production to a certain extent, it could not fully make up for the direct efficiency loss caused by labor transfer at the current stage. In summary, the government should encourage the development of rural economy, promote the nearby transfer of labor force for employment, accelerate the improvement of rural land transfer mechanism, and build an effective platform to improve the environmental efficiency of grain production.

Key words: rural labor transfer, japonica rice production, environment efficiency, gray water footprint, SBM-DEA model

摘要： 环境效率是衡量粳稻生产经济与环境协调发展的重要指标，提高粳稻生产环境效率是实现粳稻增产绿色可持续的关键。基于灰水足迹视角，选取2005—2020年中国13个粳稻主产省份数据，构建基于SBM-DEA的中介效应模型，实证分析农村劳动力转移影响粳稻生产环境效率的内在机制。研究发现，2005—2020年中国粳稻生产灰水足迹排放量有所下降，但高灰水足迹地域范围明显扩大。中国粳稻生产环境效率的均值为0.775 0，并且自2005年开始呈现明显下降趋势，粳稻生产背后的环境代价仍然较高。计量结果表明，农村劳动力转移显著降低了粳稻生产环境效率，虽在一定程度上能通过提高人均可支配收入、促进粳稻生产规模化两条路径来提升，但现阶段还无法完全弥补由劳动力转移引起的直接效率损失。因此，政府应鼓励发展乡村经济，促进农村劳动力就近就地转移就业，并加快健全农村土地流转机制，为提高粮食生产环境效率搭建有效平台。

关键词: 农村劳动力转移, 粳稻生产, 环境效率, 灰水足迹, SBM-DEA模型