To explore the key operational parameters for plant protection UAVs in the middle and late stages of cotton field operations in Xinjiang, this paper designs an experiment to study the effects of different operational parameters of plant protection UAVs on droplet deposition distribution in cotton canopy. In this experiment, a specific aqueous solution is used as a substitute for pesticides, and the quadrotor electric plant protection UAV is employed for spraying operations. The droplets are collected by water-sensitive test paper, and the droplet deposition data are analyzed by the image processing software Depositscan. The results show that the distribution trend of droplet deposition in this experiment is similar, and the droplet deposition within the spray range follows a roughly normal distribution with environmental wind speed causing droplet drift and deposition to the UAV's right side. Analysis of the coefficient of variation of droplet deposition finds that distribution along the UAV's flight path is more stable compared with its wings. Combined with the uniformity and significance analysis of droplet deposition, it can be seen that the optimal operational parameters for the UAV are flight speed of 4m/s, a flight height of 2.5m, and a spraying flow rate of 4.05 L/min. Both the flight speed and flight height have a significant effect on the uniformity and amount of droplet deposition within the spray range.

为探究新疆棉区植保无人机在棉花中后期的田间作业关键操作技术指标，设计植保无人机不同作业参数对棉花冠层雾滴沉积分布影响的试验。以特定水溶液代替农药，利用四旋翼电动植保无人机对棉花冠层进行喷施作业，通过水敏试纸进行雾滴采集，并使用图像处理软件Depositscan分析雾滴沉积数据。结果表明：试验的雾滴沉积分布趋势均相似，喷幅范围内的雾滴沉积大致为正态分布，受环境风速影响，雾滴向无人机右侧飘移并沉积；利用雾滴沉积量变异系数分析可知，植保无人机飞行航线方向的雾滴沉积分布效果比两翼方向更加稳定；结合雾滴沉积均匀性和显著性分析可知，该植保无人机最佳喷洒效果的作业参数组合：飞行速度为4 m/s、飞行高度为2.5m、喷洒流量为4.05L/min；飞行速度、飞行高度对喷幅范围内雾滴沉积均匀性、雾滴沉积量均影响显著。