Abstract: In order to solve the problems of difficulty in breaking the soil and high tillage resistance of the touching part of the traditional deep loading equipment, the tillage behavior of the deep loading shovel designed with shark dorsal fin was analyzed based on the discrete element method, so as to reduce the operational resistance and energy consumption of the deep loading shovel. In this paper, a shark-like dorsal fin shovel tip specimen was designed, and the performance was compared with that of an undesigned deep pine shovel without fins. A discrete element model was established to solve the vertical penetration soil resistance of different structures, soil disturbance, soil movement and the force of the deep-pine shovel with fins were analyzed during the deep-pine process. The results show that during the working process of the deep-pine shovel with fins, the disturbance degree of each layer is the tillage layer, the plow subsoil layer and the heart soil layer in descending order, based on different working speeds, the mixing of soil particles, the soil disturbance effect and the tillage resistance of the deep-pine shovel with fins are investigated in the same deep-pine depth, and the optimal working speeds of 3.60-4.33 km/h are obtained. Combined with the field test, it can be seen that the deviation between the real tillage resistance (1 904 N) and the discrete element simulation value (1 941 N) of the band-fin deep-pine shovel is 1.9% when the deep-pine thickness is the same. The experimental results proves that the deep-pine shovel with fins proposed in this paper can effectively break the plow bottom and provide a reference for scientific research on cultivated land in the northeast region of China.

Key words: subsoiler, discrete element, soil disturbance, tillage resistance, biomimetic method

摘要： 为解决传统深松机具触土部件破土困难、耕作阻力大等问题，基于离散元法分析以鲨鱼背鳍设计的深松铲耕作行为，以期减小深松铲作业阻力和能耗。设计仿鲨鱼背鳍铲尖试样，并与无鳍深松铲试样进行性能对比。建立离散元模型，探究垂直贯入耕作方式下不同结构的土壤阻力；分析深松过程中土壤扰动、土壤运动以及带鳍深松铲的受力情况。结果表明，在带鳍深松铲的工作过程中，各层的扰动程度从大到小依次为耕作层、犁底层和心土层；仿真试验分析相同深松深度条件下，不同工作速度对带鳍深松铲的土壤颗粒混合情况、土层扰动效应以及耕地阻力的影响，得出3.60~4.33 km/h的最佳工作速度。结合田间试验可知，当深松深度相同时，带鳍深松铲的真实耕作阻力（1 904 N）与离散元模拟值（1 941 N）的偏差为1.9%。所提出的带鳍式深松铲机能够有效地破开犁底，为我国东北地区耕地科学研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 深松铲, 离散元, 土壤扰动, 耕作阻力, 仿生法