Abstract: The correct analysis of the emission characteristics of tractors under different working conditions is the basis for compiling emission lists and analyzing and controlling regional pollutant emissions. Based on the measured data, the emission characteristics of four pollutants such as CO, HC, NOX, and PM under different operating conditions were analyzed. At the same time, the correlation between single operating condition parameters and pollutant emissions was analyzed, and the impact of different operating conditions such as speed, fuel consumption flow rate, and speed on different pollutant emissions was quantitatively analyzed based on the BP-MIV model. The results showed that the instantaneous emission rates of CO, HC, NOX, and PM pollutants under four cultivation modes were 0.041 6 g/s, 0.013 2 g/s, 0.088 g/s, and 0.011 6 g/s, respectively, which were higher than those of walking and idle modes. The emission factors of CO, HC, and NOX based on fuel consumption for the four pollutants were the lowest under rotary tillage conditions. The correlation between single operating condition parameters and pollutant emissions was analyzed, and it was found that engine speed had the greatest impact on pollutant emission rate. The effects of rotational speed, fuel consumption flow rate and speed on instantaneous emission rate were quantified. Under idle conditions, fuel consumption flow rate had the greatest impact on the four pollutants, while under cultivation conditions, the degree of influence of the three influencing factors on the four pollutants was different. The study of pollutant emissions from agricultural tractors in Xinjiang under different working conditions helps to clarify the pollutant emissions characteristics of agricultural machinery and provide data support for regional joint prevention and control of air pollution.

Key words: tractor, emission characteristics, BP-MIV, emission factor

摘要： 正确解析拖拉机不同工况排放特性是编制排放清单以及分析和控制区域污染物排放的基础。基于实测数据对不同工况下CO、HC、NOX和PM四种污染物排放特征进行分析。同时分析单一工况参数与污染物排放之间的关联性,并基于BP-MIV模型定量分析不同工况转速、油耗流量以及速度对不同污染物排放的影响。结果表明:CO、HC、NOX和PM四种污染物耕作模式下的瞬时排放速率分别为0.041 6 g/s、0.013 2 g/s、0.088 g/s、0.011 6 g/s,高于行走和怠速模式;4种污染物基于油耗的CO、HC和NOX的排放因子表现为旋耕工况下最低。分析单一工况参数与污染物排放之间的关联性,发现发动机转速对污染物排放速率的影响最大。对转速、油耗流量以及速度对瞬时排放速率的影响进行量化,怠速工况下油耗流量对4种污染物的影响最大,而在耕作工况下3种影响因素对于4种污染物的影响程度则各不相同。针对新疆农用拖拉机不同工况下污染物排放的研究有助于厘清农机污染物排放特征,为区域性大气污染联防联控提供数据保障。

关键词: 拖拉机, 排放特性, BP-MIV, 排放因子