农机镇压部件作业阻力测试系统设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对目前农业机械镇压部件（如镇压辊、镇压板等）作业时阻力采集困难和相关阻力测试装置结构复杂、普适性不强等问题，设计一套镇压部件作业阻力测试系统。该系统主要由台架、电机驱动系统、阻力测控系统和铰接结构等组成。对测力系统进行选型，并对关键结构进行设计；对整体结构进行受力分析，建立力学分析模型；对传感器测定数值和实际作业阻力进行标定，得到两者之间的函数关系。以自制镇压部件为例，进行三因素三水平Box—Benhnken试验，以镇压部件的作业阻力为试验指标，分析前进速度、镇压辊类型以及压缩量对作业阻力的影响，得到影响作业阻力的各因素主次顺序为前进速度、压缩量、镇压辊类型。通过Design—Expert软件分析得到镇压部件作业时的最佳工作参数组合：前进速度为06m/s，仿生凸包型镇压辊的压缩量为10mm，此时理论作业阻力为3433N。最佳参数组合的验证试验得出：镇压部件作业阻力为3573N，与理论阻力值相对误差为41%，为镇压部件的优化设计和作业阻力的研究提供参考。

关键词: 阻力测试系统, 镇压, 作业阻力, 正交试验, 农业机械

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of difficulty in collecting resistance during the operation of agricultural machinery pressing parts (such as pressing rollers, pressing plates, etc.), as well as the complex structure and weak universality of related resistance testing devices, a set of resistance testing system for pressing parts is designed. The system is mainly composed of bench, motor drive system, resistance measurement and control system and hinged structure. The force measurement system is selected, and the key structure is designed and analyzed. The force analysis of the overall structure is carried out, and the mechanical analysis model is established. The measured value of the sensor and the actual working resistance is calibrated, the functional relationship between them is obtained. Taking the selfmade pressing parts as an example, the threefactor and threelevel Box—Benhnken test was carried out. The working resistance of the pressing parts was taken as the test index, the influence of the forward speed, the type of pressing roller and the compression amount on the working resistance was analyzed. The primary and secondary order of the factors affecting the working resistance was obtained as the forward speed, the compression amount and the type of pressing roller. Through the analysis of Design—Expert software, the best combination of working parameters for the operation of the pressing parts is as follows: the forward speed of 06m/s, bionic convex hull type pressing roller, compression amount of 10 mm, while the theoretical working resistance is 3433N. The verification test of the optimal parameter combination shows that the working resistance of the suppression part is 3573N, and the relative error with the theoretical resistance value is 41%. This study can provide a reference for the optimization design of suppression parts and the research of working resistance.

Key words: resistance testing system, repression, working resistance, orthogonal test； agricultural machinery

中图分类号:

S224.1

张秀丽, 宋强龙, 裴宜坤, 周培林, 汤胜美, 马少帅. 农机镇压部件作业阻力测试系统设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(7): 1-6.

Zhang Xiuli, Song Qianglong, Pei Yikun, Zhou Peilin, Tang Shengmei, Ma Shaoshuai. Design and experiment of the resistance testing system for agricultural machinery pressing parts[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(7): 1-6.

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