条耕模式下变强度振动式镇压装置设计与试验

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对目前国内适用于条耕种植模式的镇压装置无法根据土壤墒情变化而调节镇压强度的问题，设计一种变强度的振动式镇压装置，使其激振力在较大振动程度范围内快速调节。通过对镇压装置主要结构进行设计及整机受力分析，得出镇压装置产生的镇压力变化范围为12.22~113.78 N。利用ANSYS软件对镇压装置进行仿真分析以验证理论模型的可行性，得到镇压装置所受最大应力为6.254 MPa，最大变形量为0.192 mm，小于设计标准值；固有频率为100.85~197.77 Hz，与电机的激励频率50 Hz相差较大，表明镇压装置强度满足使用要求且不会发生共振。利用自制的育种槽模拟玉米出苗试验，结果表明，影响玉米出苗率的因素从大到小依次为：土壤含水率、镇压强度、覆土厚度，且土壤含水率的影响极为显著，获得最优方案为覆土厚度4 cm、土壤含水率20%和镇压强度20 kPa。此外，进行配重块数量对镇压强度的影响和镇压强度对土壤含水率的影响试验，结果表明，当配置3块配重块时，镇压强度达到22.1 kPa，满足本试验土壤情况下玉米出苗需要的镇压强度约为22 kPa的要求。当镇压强度为20 kPa时，土壤含水率变化量最小、蓄水保墒能力较好，根据土壤含水率和镇压强度，控制系统被划分为3个挡位。为变强度镇压器的研发提供理论依据和技术参考。

关键词: 振动式镇压装置, 条耕模式, 土壤墒情, 镇压强度, 激振力

Abstract: In view of the problem that the suppression device suitable for the domestic strip tillage planting mode cannot adjust the suppression strength according to the change of soil moisture content, a variable strength vibration suppression device is designed, so that the vibration force can be adjusted quickly within a large range of vibration degree. Through the design of the main structure of the suppression device and the force analysis of the whole machine, the change range of the suppression pressure produced by the suppression device is 12.22-113.78 N. ANSYS software is used to verify the feasibility of the theoretical model, and the maximum stress of the suppression device is 6.254 MPa, and the maximum deformation is 0.192 mm, which is less than the design standard value. The natural frequency is 100.85-197.77 Hz, which is quite different from the excitation frequency of the motor at 50 Hz, indicating that the strength of the suppression device meets the use requirements and does not resonate. The self-made breeding tank was used to simulate maize emergence experiment, and the results showed that the factors affecting the emergence rate of corn were from large to small as follows: soil moisture content, repression strength, soil covering thickness, and soil moisture content was extremely significant. The optimal scheme was soil covering thickness of 4 cm, soil moisture content of 20% and suppression strength of 20 kPa. In addition, the influence of the number of counterweights on the ballast strength and the impact of the ballast strength on the soil moisture content were tested. The results showed that when the three counterweights were configured, the repression strength reached 22.1 kPa, which met the repression strength of about 22 kPa in the soil situation of this experiment. When the suppression strength is 20 kPa, the soil moisture content change is minimized and the water storage and retention ability is good. According to the soil moisture content and the suppression strength, the control system is divided into three levels. The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the research and development of variable strength ballast.

Key words: vibration suppression device, strip tillage mode, soil moisture, suppression strength, vibration force

中图分类号:

S222.4

刘贞彤, 孟宪章, 施继红, 屈鑫誉, , 马云海, 冯伟志. 条耕模式下变强度振动式镇压装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(7): 65-71.

Liu Zhentong, Meng Xianzhang, Shi Jihong, Qu Xinyu, , Ma Yunhai, Feng Weizhi. Design and test of variable strength vibration suppression device under strip tillage mode [J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(7): 65-71.

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