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中国农机化学报

中国农机化学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 93-100.DOI: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2024.12.015

• 设施农业与植保机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

烟草掏苗覆土机设计

赵宁1,黄泽全1,史书阳1,丁攀1,元野2,任天宝1   

  1. (1. 河南农业大学,郑州市,450002; 2. 中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司牡丹江烟草科学研究所,哈尔滨市,150000)
  • 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-01
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省烟草公司科技攻关项目(2020230003640002);河南省烟草公司科技攻关项目(2022611027)

Design of tobacco seedling pulling and soil covering integrated device

Zhao Ning1, Huang Zequan1, Shi Shuyang1, Ding Pan1, Yuan Ye2, Ren Tianbao1   

  1. (1. Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; 2. Mudanjiang Tobacco Research Institute of Heilongjiang Company of China National Tobacco Corporation, Harbin, 150000, China)
  • Online:2024-12-15 Published:2024-12-01

摘要: 烤烟膜下小苗移栽技术是一项成熟的烟草移栽技术。针对膜下小苗移栽农艺复杂和机械化技术装备欠缺等问题开展研究,设计一种气动掏苗覆土一体化装置。该装置主要由整体支撑、轮式起土、覆土、掏苗、车载空气压缩机、镇压和株距控制等部件组成,具有株距可调、掏苗覆土同步作业等技术性能特点。在研究结构及工作原理的基础上,结合烟草田垄构造及掏苗覆土作业要求分析,确定掏苗装置、覆土装置、株距控制装置等关键部件的结构参数和运行参数。田间试验结果表明,该装置在标准化田垄工作时,掏苗装置、覆土装置及整机完整作业率在速度为0.5 m/s时表现最佳,覆土量的最佳值为1.5 L,达到烟草种植农艺要求。根据掏苗装置与覆土装置株距保持的积累误差试验数据,绘制散点图并进行直线拟合。通过拟合直线结果预测整机积累误差超过5 cm时,工作次数约为1 900次,稳定行进距离约为950 m,符合使用要求。

关键词: 烤烟膜下移栽, 掏苗装置, 覆土装置, 自动化

Abstract:

The transplanting technology of small seedlings under the flue-cured tobacco film is a mature tobacco transplanting technology, but the multiple agronomic links after the tobacco seedlings transplanting make the popularization of this technology greatly reduced. In view of the bottleneck problem of popularization and lack of equipment of this technology, combined with the requirements of tobacco planting, an integrated scheme of synchronous operation of multiple agronomy and ring is designed. The device is mainly composed of the overall support device, wheeled soil lifting device, soil covering device, seedling cutting device, on-mounted air compressor device, suppression device and plant distance control device. It has the technical advantages such as adjustable plant spacing and synchronous operation of seedling cutting and soil covering. Based on the elaboration of the overall structure and working principle, combined with the analysis of tobacco ridge structure and the requirements of soil covering, the structural parameters and operating parameters of the key components of the plant, such as seedling cutting device, soil covering device and plant spacing control device were determined. The results of the field experiment showed that the performance of the device was the best at the speed of 0.5 m/s, and the best value of the soil covering amount was 1.5 L, which met the agronomic requirements of tobacco planting. According to the accumulation error test data of the plant distance between the seedling cutting device and the soil covering device, the scatter plot was drawn and the straight line was fitted. By fitting the straight line results, when the accumulation error of the whole machine exceeds 5 cm, the working times are about 1 900 times, and the shortest travel distance is about 950 m, which meets the use requirements.

Key words: floral flue-cured tobacco membrane transplanting; seedling device, soil covering device; automatization

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