Aiming at the problems of incomplete and missing cutting in the existing leek harvester, combined with the physical characteristics of leek, a kind of leek collecting machine was designed. The structural parameters and motion parameters of the key components of the disc knife were determined, and the cutting theory was analyzed. By using MATLAB software, the motion simulation of the cutting disc was carried out when the working speed of the machine was selected as 0.2 m/s, 0.3 m/s, 0.4 m/s, 0.5 m/s respectively, and the change law of cutting area under different operating speeds was obtained. Taking the working speed of the machines and tools as the test factor, and taking the header loss rate and missed cutting loss rate as the indicators, a single factor test was carried out. Through the analysis of the test results, the working speed range of the machines and tools was determined. The results showed that when the rotating speed of the disc cutter was 3 000 r/min and the working speed was 0.4 m/s, the performance of the leek cutting and harvesting device was the best, and the average loss rate of the leek cutting table was 2.8% and the average loss rate of the missing cutting was 2.2%.

Garlic is one of the important economic crops in China. The planting area, yield and exports rank first in the world, however the mechanized production level is especially more insufficient to meet production needs. The current situation, planting mode and whole mechanized production of garlic industry were summarized. To realize full mechanization, the key points were proposed which were positive bud sowing and garlic joint harvesting, and the difficult point was garlic shoots harvesting. Analyze the problems faced by garlic production, such as small planting scale, nonuniform pattern and specification, low performance and efficiency of machinery, and put forward suggestions to promote the development of the whole process of garlic mechanization, such as propose the formulate and promotion of suitable mechanized planting models and standards, improve complete sets of combined harvesting technologies and equipment, and focus on demonstration and promotion of base construction, in order to provide reference for the research of garlic production equipment in China.

Artemisia selengensis is one of the important characteristic wild vegetable species in Jiangsu Province. After two years of experiment, based on the harvesting machine optimization, the mechanization production technology mode of Artemisia selengensis was established, which realized the mechanization of stubble mowing, subsoiling, fertilizer spreading, rototilling and ridging, transplanting, insecticide spraying, irrigation, harvesting and transportation. The results showed that the comprehensive cost of mechanized operation was 6 858.37 Yuan/hm2 in the autumn mode and 6 657.40 Yuan/hm2 in the winterspring mode. The mechanized production could save 69.52% and 55.62% in autumn mode and winterspring mode, which significantly reduced labor expenses and had good application prospects. However, the operation cost of transplanting, subsoiling and harvesting account for about 65% of the total operation cost, so the reduction of mechanization transplanting cost is needed.

Substrate block seedling, also known as nutrient block seedling, has become the predominant research direction aiming at expanding vegetable seedling and transplanting owing to advantages such as short seedling period, high survival rate, and high mechanical transplanting efficiency. This paper summarized the key technology of substrate block seedling transplanting, and described the development status, characteristics and application of substrate block seedling raising equipment and transplanting equipment in China and abroad. Taking broccoli as an example, this paper analyzed the economic benefits and application prospects of substrate block seedling raising and transplanting. The issues of substrate block seedling transplanting were analyzed, such is seedling blocks plates were too heavy to carry, blocks were boned due to no barrier between blocks, and low automaticity. And optimizing physical and chemical parameters of substrate block seedling, improving structure of substrate block seedling plate, collecting block seedling automatically to realize transplant automatically were proposed. This provides reference for the research of substrate block seedling raising equipment and transplanting equipment. 

Returning organic fertilizer to the field is the final link of the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste, and the lack of suitable organic fertilizer spreader not only hinders the development of the fertilizer utilization of waste, but also restricts the overall development of agriculture to a certain extent. Based on the extensive cultivated land area, landform and barren soil of field crops in China, this paper analyzes the necessity of returning organic fertilizer to the field. This paper fully introduces the existing relevant models at home and abroad and makes a comparative analysis from the aspects of working principle, advantages and disadvantages and scope of application. Combined with the differences between North and South plots in China, the author puts forward the selection and research direction of corresponding models under different conditions and prospects, the future crop fertilizer applicator from the distribution uniformity, selffeeding technology, intelligent control and other aspects. It provides a reference basis for the further development of field crop organic fertilizer application equipment in China

 Substrate block seedling has the advantages of root and seedling protection, short seedling delay period, and high survival rate. However, the market of substrate block seedling is relatively small, mainly limited by inadequate matrix block molding processing equipment. Therefore, a vegetable seedling substrate block molding machine was designed in this paper, which could realize the functions of automatic soil laying, block pressing, block throwing, and conveying. The structure of the whole machine, the transmission system, the bowl plate mechanism, the pressing block, and the throwing block mechanism were designed successively. Three factors affecting molding quality were tested by an orthogonal test with earthworm manure to clay soil. The test results showed that the optimal parameter combination was obtained as mixing ratio of 1∶3, the compression ratio of 0.65, and the moisture content of 10%. In this condition, the dimensional stability was 98.96%, the antibreaking pressure was 246.86 N, and the dispersion rate was 4.15%, which could meet the substrate block seedling transplanting requirements to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of substrate block forming processing line.

 This paper analyzed the development of mechanization of 8 main cash crops such as cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables, orchard, tea and herbal medicine in China by region, industry, variety and link, and put forward the main direction and technology for the present and future period. The result showed that compared with 2020, the comprehensive mechanization rate of cotton, rape, peanut, sugarcane, vegetables, tea and herbal medicines will increase by 2.7 percentage points, 3.4 percentage points, 3.6 percentage points, 1.9 percentage points, 4 percentage points, 1.8 percentage points and 2.5 percentage points respectively in 2021, only orchard increases by less than 1 percentage point. The main issues that need to be focused on are over 1 000 khm2 cotton, 1 000 khm2sugarcane, 1 800 khm2 peanut cannot be harvested by machine in China, over 4 200 khm2 winter fallow field need to be planted rapeseed, mechanization of vegetable, orchard, tea garden, herbal medicine are very low, no machine to use, machine cannot be used efficiently, field conditions in Southern China and hilly areas and traditional planting modes are not suitable for machinery, the work qualities and reliabilities of domestic machines need to be advanced, plastic film residue in peanut and cotton planting. The main push technologies include advancing domestic machines quality, high efficient plastic film residue reclamations, rape machinery suitable varities selection and combined working, summer peanut no film planting and high efficient harvesting, sugarcane low impurity harvesting and sugar making process reforming, typical vegetable standardized planting and high efficient harvesting, orchard and tea garden machinery suitable construction and management by standard, major herbal medicine varieties mechanized production in customization and so on.

Mechanized transplanting is the key link to realize the large-scale and standardized production of vegetables. In order to better understand the vegetable mechanization status, the current situation of mechanized transplanting operations in typical vegetable bases in major vegetable planting areas was investigated, and the mechanized transplanting operation level of each base was calculated according to the industry standard of the agricultural mechanization level of the planting industry. The results showed a large gap between the mechanized transplanting operation level of open field vegetables in various regions, with a value of only 24.4%. This paper analyzed the problems of low return on investment in machinery and equipment in the transplanting process and unmatched operation equipment in the front and rear links. Combined with the current status of China's mechanized vegetable transplanting operations, specific suggestions were made, including increasing the research and development of fully automatic transplanting, improving socialization service intensity, perfecting facilities and personnel support, and perfecting standardized operation specifications.

To solve the problems of bad upfilm operating effect and poor stability of the greenhouse vegetable pot seedling transplanter, an eightbar transplanting mechanism was developed. Its mathematical model was established with simulation analysis and effect verification. Using Adams dynamic simulation software, the virtual prototype of the eightbar mechanism was simulated and analyzed with the plant spacing of 200 mm, 300 mm, and 450 mm when the efficiency of seedling picking and dropping was 120 plants/min and the planting depth was 60 mm. The simulation results showed that the length of the plastic film met the industry standard of vegetable transplanter. The prototype of the eightbar mechanism was tested according to the measuring method of film surface connection length of vegetable transplanter. The test results showed that when plant spacing was 200 mm, 300 mm, and 450 mm, the average connection length of the film surface was 141 mm, 237 mm, and 368 mm, which were 8.5%, 6%, and 6.1% different from the simulation results respectively.