Abstract:  Substrate block seedling has the advantages of root and seedling protection, short seedling delay period, and high survival rate. However, the market of substrate block seedling is relatively small, mainly limited by inadequate matrix block molding processing equipment. Therefore, a vegetable seedling substrate block molding machine was designed in this paper, which could realize the functions of automatic soil laying, block pressing, block throwing, and conveying. The structure of the whole machine, the transmission system, the bowl plate mechanism, the pressing block, and the throwing block mechanism were designed successively. Three factors affecting molding quality were tested by an orthogonal test with earthworm manure to clay soil. The test results showed that the optimal parameter combination was obtained as mixing ratio of 1∶3, the compression ratio of 0.65, and the moisture content of 10%. In this condition, the dimensional stability was 98.96%, the antibreaking pressure was 246.86 N, and the dispersion rate was 4.15%, which could meet the substrate block seedling transplanting requirements to provide theoretical reference for the research and development of substrate block forming processing line.

Key words:  substrate block, forming machine, vegetables, transplanting, press block, system port

摘要： 基质块育苗移栽具有护根护苗、缓苗期短、成活率高等优点,相比穴盘钵苗,基质块苗市场保有量仍相对较少,主要受限于基质块成型加工设备配套不足,因此本文设计了一种蔬菜育苗基质块成型机,实现自动铺土、压块、投块、输送等功能为一体,通过对整机结构和传动系统、钵盘机构、压块及投块机构等关键部件进行设计,以蚯蚓粪—土壤为原料对影响基质块成型的3个因素进行正交试验,得出优选参数组合为蚯蚓粪—土壤混合配比1∶3、压缩比0.65、含水率10%,此时尺寸稳定性为98.96%,抗压力为246.86 N,散坨率为4.15%,可极大地满足基质块育苗移栽的要求,从而为基质块成型加工的研发提供理论参考。

关键词: 基质块, 成型机, 蔬菜, 移栽, 压块, 制钵