The adoption of digital agricultural technology by family farms is a powerful means to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in China, and an important way to promote the transformation of China from a large agricultural country to a strong agricultural country. Nation policy is an important factor affecting the adoption of digital agricultural technology by family farmers, but the personal ability of family farmers is also a key factor that cannot be ignored. This study established a logical framework for the adoption behavior of digital agricultural technology in family farms, including ‘ability-orientation’ and ‘policyorientation’, and used structural equation model to conduct an empirical analysis of 1 221 survey samples. The results show that the individual ability of family farmers (0.625), including equipment operation ability and digital security ability, is the active factor affecting the adoption behavior of digital agricultural technology. The area of cultivated land (0.216) has a significant positive impact on adoption behavior, policy orientation (0.283) includes incentives, guidance and constraints, and has the least impact on technology adoption behavior. Therefore, the government and relevant departments should focus on cultivating the individual ability of family farmers and developing moderate scale operation when formulating and introducing relevant policies, so as to improve the scientificity and feasibility of policies.

家庭农场采纳数字农业技术是推进实现我国农业农村现代化的有力手段，是助推我国从农业大国向农业强国转变的重要途径。国家政策是影响家庭农场主采纳数字农业技术的重要因素，但家庭农场主的个人能力也是不容忽视的关键因素。通过建立包括“能力导向”和“政策导向”的家庭农场数字农业技术采纳行为逻辑框架，运用结构方程模型对1 221个调研样本进行实证分析。结果表明：家庭农场主个人能力(0.625)，包括设备操作能力、数字安全能力等是影响数字农业技术采纳行为的主动因；耕地面积(0.216)对采纳行为有显著正向影响；政策导向(0.283)包括激励、引导和约束，对技术采纳行为的影响最小。因此，政府和有关部门在制定和出台相关政策时要着重考虑培养家庭农场主个人能力、发展适度规模经营等，以此提高政策的科学性和可落地性。