Abstract: Xinjiang is the largest and most advantageous cotton producing area in China, and also the main application area for domestically produced cotton harvesters. In order to comprehensively understand the performance quality and promotion application of domestic cotton picking machines, the Agricultural Mechanization General Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs conducted a comprehensive evaluation and promotion application research of domestic cotton picking machines in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The results show that the number of cotton harvesters in Xinjiang exceeds 8 900, and the equipment quantity is in a saturated state. The equipment structure is being updated through selection, accelerating the transition from box type cotton harvesters for loose flower harvesting to packaging cotton harvesters for wrapped harvesting. The proportion of domestically produced cotton picking machines in Xinjiang is 58%, and more than 90% of the newly added machines are domestically produced cotton picking machines. The annual production capacity of domestically produced cotton balers exceeds 1 600 units, which can meet the demand for purchasing machines in Xinjiang. The inventory of domestically produced cotton balers has reached 69%, forming a substitution advantage for imported machinery. The overall domestication rate of domestically produced packaging and cotton picking machines is over 96%. Compared with imported old models, they have achieved parallel operation quality and significantly reduced the gap in operation efficiency. Through analysis, it is proposed that shortcomings need to be addressed in improving the quality of domestic manufacturing, developing key core components, and focusing on intelligent control software to catch up with the latest foreign technologies; At the same time, we should speed up the development and application of cotton topping machines, highefficiency suspender spray and other supporting machines and tools, strengthen the treatment of residual film pollution in cotton fields, further improve the standardization of the whole process mechanized production mode of cotton in southern Xinjiang and other parts of the country, and create good conditions for the promotion and application of domestic cotton pickers.

Key words: cotton picking machine, operating quality； operational efficiency； comprehensive evaluation, promotion and application

摘要： 新疆是我国棉花最大最优势的产区，也是国产采棉机最主要的应用地区。为全面了解国产采棉机性能质量和推广应用情况，农业农村部农业机械化总站在新疆生产建设兵团组织开展国产采棉机综合测评和推广应用情况调研。结果显示，新疆采棉机保有量超过8900台，装备数量上处于饱和状态，装备结构上正通过迭代更新，由箱式采棉机散花收获加速过渡到打包采棉机裹包收获。新疆国产采棉机保有量占比58%，新增机具中90%以上为国产采棉机，长期以来依赖“进口机”收“中国棉”的历史被改写。国产打包采棉机年产能达到1600台以上，可满足新疆购机需求。国产打包采棉机保有量达69%，整体国产化率96%以上，与进口老款机具相比，在作业质量上实现并跑，在作业效率上差距显著缩小。通过分析，提出还需要从国产化制造质量提升、关键核心部件研制、智能化控制软件集中攻关等方面解决短板问题，追赶国外最新技术；同时加快棉花打顶机、高效吊杆喷雾机等配套机具研制应用，加大棉田残膜污染治理力度，进一步提升南疆等部分地区棉花全程机械化生产模式规范化程度，为国产采棉机推广应用创造良好条件等建议。

关键词: 采棉机, 作业质量, 作业效率, 综合测评, 推广应用