Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for designing and constructing new photovoltaic (PV) array structures, this study addressed the limitations of traditional PV arrays with 100% panel density. These arrays often create excessive shading that adversely impacts crop growth, leading to conflicts between agricultural productivity and photovoltaic power generation. This issue contributes to inefficient land use and suboptimal application outcomes. This research was conducted in a photovoltaic agriculture park in southern Jiangsu Province, using a standard PV array with 100% density as the baseline. Structural modifications were made to create arrays with 75% and 50% panel densities. An environmental monitoring system was established to record hourly variations in solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature. Measurements were taken within a single‑span PV array with a 6.8 m span, assessing the light and thermal environments in southern, central, and northern areas inside and outside the arrays. The results revealed significant effects of panel density on the photothermal environment beneath the arrays. Solar radiation intensity, air temperature, and soil temperature exhibited the following relationship across the different panel densities: 50% > 75% > 100%. As PV panel density decreased, the solar radiation intensity beneath the PV arrays increased, with the central region receiving higher levels of radiation than the northern and southern regions. Additionally, PV arrays with varying densities influenced internal air temperatures. During summer days, higher panel densities can provide a stronger cooling effect, while at night, these arrays can help retain heat within the internal air. This study demonstrates that reducing PV panel density can improve the photothermal environment below the arrays, thereby offering valuable insights for balancing agricultural productivity and photovoltaic power generation.

Key words: solar energy, photovoltaic array, environmental testing, PV panel density, temperature, illumination

摘要： 针对传统100%光伏板密度的光伏阵列对作物的遮荫影响导致作物生长与光伏发电存在“争光”矛盾，致使土地非农化、农光应用效果不佳的问题，在苏南地区的光伏农业园区中，以100%光伏板密度的光伏阵列为基础进行结构改造，形成75%光伏板密度、50%光伏板密度的光伏阵列。基于太阳辐射强度和环境温度逐时变化，搭建环境监测系统，在跨度为6.8 m的单跨阵列中取南区、中区、北区进行光伏阵列内外的光热环境测试，分析探索不同光伏板密度对光伏阵列的光热环境变化规律。结果表明：不同光伏板密度对光伏阵列下方光热环境影响明显，不同光伏板密度的光伏阵列的太阳辐射强度、气温、土壤温度关系为：50%光伏板密度>75%光伏板密度>100%光伏板密度。随着光伏板密度的减少，不同密度光伏阵列的太阳辐射强度随之增加，呈现中区大于南北两区的特点。不同密度光伏板在夏季白天对内部空气起到降温作用，光伏板密度越高，降温效果越好，在夜晚对内部空气起到保温作用。

关键词: 太阳能, 光伏阵列, 环境测试, 光伏板密度, 温度, 光照强度