Abstract: Aiming at the inefficiency, time‑consuming nature, and labor‑intensive manual knife operations in the bag removal process of discarded mushroom sticks for mulching and secondary mushroom production, a device for automated bagging of discarded mushroom sticks was designed. The whole structure of the device is designed based on the mechanical principle, including key components such as axial cutter, disc cutter blade and clamping mechanism. The horizontal value range of the main factors affecting the operation performance of the disc‑cutting saw blade, conveyor belt speed and axial cutter speed was obtained by single factor test. To optimize these parameters, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test was performed, with the de‑bagging performance as the evaluation criterion. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimal operational parameters were a disc cutting saw blade speed of 303 r/min, conveyor belt speed of 0.1 m/s, and axial cutter speed of 0.48 m/s. Under these conditions, the device achieved a de‑bagging qualified rate of 91.8%, thereby meeting the requirements for effective bag removal in the secondary utilization of discarded mushroom sticks. This study provides a technical foundation for further research and optimization of bag removal equipment, offering a promising solution for the efficient reuse of discarded mushroom sticks in agricultural applications.

Key words: waste mushroom sticks, secondary use, bag removal device, single factor experiment, multifactorial experiment

摘要： 针对废弃菌棒二次利用覆土出菇技术过程中，菌棒脱袋环节人工持刀作业效率低、费时费力且有一定的作业危险等问题，设计一种废弃菌棒脱袋装置。通过对菌棒脱袋过程深入剖析，结合机械原理进行装置整体结构设计，涵盖轴向割刀、圆盘切割机锯片、压板夹持机构等关键部件。对装置进行作业性能单因素试验，获得影响脱袋作业性能的主要因素（圆盘切割锯片转速、输送带速度和轴向割刀速度）的水平取值范围。为得到最佳工作参数，以圆盘切割锯片转速、输送带速度、轴向割刀速度为试验因素，以菌棒脱袋合格率为试验指标，进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验。结果表明：切割锯片转速为303 r/min、输送带速度为0.1 m/s、轴向割刀速度为0.48 m/s时，废弃菌棒脱袋装置作业效果最好，在该参数组合下进行试验验证，脱袋合格率为91.8%，满足废弃菌棒脱袋要求，为废弃菌棒二次利用脱袋设备的研究与优化提供技术参考。

关键词: 废弃菌棒, 二次利用, 脱袋装置, 单因素试验, 多因素试验