Abstract: Aiming at the problems of incomplete shelling and low shelling rate in the almond shelling device, the loading damage of the almond shell during the process of shelling and removing kernels was analyzed, the basic characteristics of crack propagation and husk separation in the shelling zone under extrusion loading were determined. According to the thin shelled almond physical property test and pretest results, the shelling gap, rigid roll speed and flexible belt linear speed were selected as the test factors, and the shelling rate and the core breakage rate were taken as the test indexes for the orthogonal test. The test samples were grade Ⅱ almonds with a thickness of 12-13 mm. The test showed that the shelling gap was 11 mm, the rotating speed of rigid roll was 200 r/min, and the linear speed of flexible belt was 0.7 m/s, which was the optimal combination of the working parameters of the machines. The verification test of the parameter combination showed that the shelling rate was 97.68% and the core breakage rate was 6.85%, which met the production requirements and laid a foundation for the deep processing of almonds.

Key words: almond, shelling, flexible belt, rigid roll, orthogonal experiment

摘要： 针对扁桃脱壳装置存在脱壳不完全、脱壳率低的问题，对扁桃脱壳机在脱壳取仁过程中果壳加载损伤进行分析，确定挤压加载状态下脱壳区裂纹扩展及果壳分离的基本特点。根据薄皮扁桃物理特性试验及预试验结果，选取脱壳间隙、刚性辊转速、柔性带线速度作为试验因素，脱壳率和核仁破损率作为试验指标进行正交试验，试验样品为Ⅱ等级厚度 12~13 mm的扁桃。试验结果表明：脱壳间隙为11 mm，刚性辊转速为200 r/min，柔性带线速度为0.7 m/s，是该机具工作参数的最优组合。对该参数组合进行验证试验，脱壳率为97.68%，破损率为6.85%，满足生产要求，为扁桃精深加工奠定基础。

关键词: 扁桃, 脱壳, 柔性带, 刚性辊, 正交试验