Abstract: In view of the problems of low removal efficiency and easy damage of pepper mechanized processing, the physical and mechanical characteristics of pepper are tested. In this paper, with Xinjiang Red dragon pepper as the research object, the main physical parameters and their correlation were obtained through physical characteristic parameter measurement and statistical data processing. The length of pepper was 141.00 mm, diameter of pepper was 18.35 mm, length of pepper stalk was 31.90 mm, diameter of pepper stalk was 5.97 mm, and single fruit weight of pepper was 5.64 g. With the help of shear and tensile mechanical tests, the mechanical properties of pepper stalk and the joint between pepper stalk and pepper pedicle were obtained. In the shear test, the average shear strength of the pepper stalk was 9.73 MPa, through the Design-Expert 12 software optimization design, the minimum shear strength was 6.34 MPa at the shear position, stalk diameter and loading speed were 15 mm, 4.5 mm, and 200 mm/min, respectively. In the tensile test, the average tensile strength of the pepper stalk was 5.13 MPa, through the Design-Expert 12 software optimization design, the minimum tensile strength was 3.95 MPa at the grip position, stalk diameter and loading speed were 55 mm, 4.4 mm, and 395.5 mm/min, respectively.

Key words: pepper, physical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, shear strength, tensile strength

摘要： 针对目前辣椒机械化加工去杂效率低、易损伤等问题，对辣椒的物理特征及力学特性进行试验研究。以新疆红龙板椒为研究对象，通过物理特征参数测定及统计数据处理，获得板椒的主要物理参数及其相关性。试验测得辣椒果长为141.00 mm，椒果果径为18.35 mm，辣椒果柄长度为31.90 mm，辣椒果柄直径为5.97 mm，辣椒单果重为5.64 g。借助剪切及拉伸力学试验，获得辣椒柄及辣椒柄与辣椒蒂连接处的力学特性。在剪切试验中，辣椒柄的平均剪切强度为9.73 MPa，通过Design-Expert 12软件优化设计得到在剪切位置、果柄直径和加载速度分别为15 mm、4.5 mm、和200 mm/min时剪切强度最小为6.34 MPa；在拉伸试验中，辣椒柄的平均抗拉强度为5.13 MPa，通过Design-Expert 12软件优化设计得到在夹持位置、果柄直径和加载速度分别为55 mm、4.4 mm、和395.5 mm/min时抗拉强度最小为3.95 MPa。

关键词: 板椒, 物理特征, 力学特性, 剪切强度, 抗拉强度