Abstract:  Farmers are the subjects of agricultural production and rural construction. Cultivating new farmers is an effective means to realize agricultural modernization and rural revitalization, among which the key is to train new farmers development consciousness and capacity. Based on the previous theoretical research on farmers, this paper defines the concept and connotation of new farmers and quantifies the connotation of new farmers development in three aspects, productive capacity, marketing capacity, and organizing capacity. Taking the statistics on the basic information of new farmers in Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Dali as an example, this paper establishes the evaluation index system by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, calculates the index of productive capacity, marketing capacity, and organizes the capacity of new farmers in Dali. The conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows: the capacity index of new farmers varies greatly among different regions in Dali Prefecture, and there is no apparent correlation with the degree of local economic development. Yangbi Yi Autonomous County has the highest productive capacity index (2.494 3), Jianchuan County has the highest marketing capacity index (1.085 0), Jianchuan County has the highest organizing capacity index (0.590 0), and Eryuan County has the highest comprehensive capacity index (3.908 2). There is no apparent linear correlation among the productive capacity, marketing capacity, and organizing capacity of new farmers; The productive capacity index accounts for the largest proportion of the comprehensive capacity index of new farmers. This paper puts forward the policy suggestions: the financial funds of local governments should be appropriately inclined to the regions with low comprehensive capacity index of new farmers and choose effective financial support mode for new farmers development.

Key words:  new farmers, development index, analytic hierarchy process, productive capacity, marketing capacity, organizing capacity

摘要： 农民是农业生产和乡村建设的主体,培育新型农民是实现农业现代化转型和乡村振兴的有效手段,其中关键的是培育新型农民的主体发展意识和素质能力。基于以往对农民问题的理论研究,界定新型农民的概念和内涵,将新型农民发展内涵量化于"生产能力、市场能力和组织能力"三个层面,并以大理白族自治州(后面简称"大理州")新型农民基本情况调研数据为例,通过层次分析法建立起相应的评价指标体系,计算出大理州各地区新型农民的生产能力、市场能力和组织能力指数。结果表明:大理州各地之间新型农民发展能力指数差异较大,且与当地经济发达程度无明显相关性,其中生产能力指数最高的是漾濞彝族自治县(2.494 3),市场能力指数最高的是剑川县(1.085 0),组织能力指数最高的是剑川县(0.590 0),综合能力指数最高的是洱源县(3.908 2);新型农民生产、市场和组织三大能力指数之间无明显的线性相关;新型农民综合能力指数中生产能力指数占比最大,几乎占到综合能力指数的60%以上。最后建议地方政府在发挥财政杠杆作用时,财政资金应适当向新型农民综合能力指数较低的地区倾斜,并找出本地区新型农民发展最薄弱的环节,选择有效的财政支持新型农民发展模式。

关键词: 新型农民, 发展指数, 层次分析法, 生产能力, 市场能力, 组织能力