Abstract: Cultivating new farmers is the key to solve the problem of “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers”, and also an effective means to achieve rural revitalization. The cultivation of new farmers must rely on financial support. To clarify the mechanism of financial support for the development of new farmers, this paper defines the concept of new farmers and quantifies the connotation of new farmersdevelopment in three levels: productive capacity, marketing capacity, and organizing capacity. Based on the data analysis of financial support for the development of new farmers in Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Dali from 2015 to 2019, this paper studies the effect of financial support on the improvement of new farmers development capacity. The results show that the financial support funds for new farmers development are inclined to the cultivation of productive capacity, while the financial funds for the cultivation of marketing capacity and organizing capacity are relatively short. The productive capacity index accounts for more than 60% of the comprehensive capacity index of new farmers, which proves that under the financial priority support, the productive capacity has been cultivated better than marketing capacity and organizing capacity. The problems of financial support for the development of new farmers are as follows: the financial support funds are excessively inclined to the cultivation of productive capacity; the financial support funds are scattered;the utilization rate of financial support funds is low; lack of stable financial support policy system; the criteria for performance evaluation of financial support funds are unreasonable. Therefore, the following policy suggestions are put forward: increasing the financial support funds for the cultivation of new farmers marketing capacity and organizing capacity; building a stable financial support policy system and unified budget system to improve the utilization rate of financial support funds; making the criteria for performance evaluation of financial support funds more scientific.

Key words: new farmers, financial support, productive capacity, marketing capacity, organizing capacity

摘要： 培育新型农民是解决"三农"问题的关键,也是实现乡村振兴的有效手段,而要实现新型农民的培育就必须依靠国家的财政支持。为厘清财政支持新型农民发展的机制,首先对新型农民进行概念界定,将新型农民发展的内涵量化于"生产能力、市场能力和组织能力"三个层面,以2015—2019年大理白族自治州(后面简称"大理州")财政支持新型农民发展数据分析为支撑,来研究和证实财政支持对新型农民能力提升的作用。结果表明:第一、大理州财政支持新型农民发展资金过于向生产能力培育方面倾斜,而针对市场和组织能力培育的财政资金则比较缺乏;第二、大理州新型农民综合能力指数中生产能力指数占比达60%以上,这证明在财政资金的优先支持下,新型农民生产能力比市场和组织能力要培育和发展得更好。财政支持新型农民发展的问题主要有:财政支持资金过多地向生产能力培育方面倾斜;财政支持资金分散交叉,资金的利用率低下;缺乏稳定的财政支持政策体系;财政支持资金绩效考核标准不合理。由此提出以下政策建议:加大对新型农民市场和组织能力培育方面的财政资金;构建系统的财政支持政策体系和统一的预算制度,提高财政资金利用效率;科学化财政支持资金的绩效考核标准。

关键词: 新型农民, 财政支持, 生产能力, 市场能力, 组织能力