Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the fertilization mechanism of sugarcane transversal planter is easy to clog, combining with the requirements of agronomy, a kind of end‑face reverse spiral fertilization mechanism was designed. In order to reduce the screw shaft torque and improve the fertilizer mass flow rate, the screw shaft blade pitch, blade thickness, blade diameter and screw shaft diameter were selected as variables through theoretical analysis, and the screw shaft torque and fertilizer mass flow rate were selected as targets, and the regression equations between each factor and the targets were obtained through orthogonal simulation experiments based on the EDEM software and solved to obtain the optimal parameter combinations as follows: The spiral shaft blade pitch, blade thickness, blade diameter and shaft diameter were 67 mm, 2.5 mm, 76 mm and 32 mm, respectively. Simulation verification of the optimal parameter combination model resulted in the mean values of screw shaft torque and fertilizer mass flow rate of 6.3 N ⋅ m and 0.055 kg/s, respectively, which were basically consistent with the regression equation solution results. Simulation tests were conducted on the end face reverse spiral design and it was determined that a reverse pitch of 33.5 mm could effectively avoid fertilizer clogging at the end of the trough. The results of field experiments showed that the mean values of screw shaft torque and fertilizer mass flow rate were 4.3 N ⋅ m and 0.061 5 kg/s, respectively, and the fertilizer application mechanism met the agronomic requirements with low loading torque, which could effectively reduce the situation of fertilizer clogging, and provide a reference for the development of screw fertilizer application mechanism.

Key words:  sugarcane transverse planter, screw conveying mechanism, fertilization mechanism, fertilizer clogging, discrete element method

摘要： 针对甘蔗横向种植机施肥机构易出现堵塞的问题，结合农艺要求，设计一种端面反向螺旋施肥机构。为降低螺旋轴扭矩和提高肥料质量流速，通过理论分析选取螺旋轴叶片螺距、叶片厚度、叶片直径和螺旋轴轴径为变量，螺旋轴扭矩和肥料质量流速为目标，基于EDEM软件进行正交仿真试验得到各个因素与目标之间的回归方程，并求解得到最优参数组合：螺旋轴叶片螺距、叶片厚度、叶片直径和轴径分别为67 mm、2.5 mm、76 mm和32 mm。对最优参数组合模型进行仿真验证，结果表明螺旋轴扭矩和肥料质量流速的均值分别为6.3 N ⋅ m和0.055 kg/s，与回归方程求解结果基本一致。对端面反向螺旋设计进行仿真试验，确定反向螺距为33.5 mm时，可有效避免肥料堵塞在料槽端部。田间试验结果表明：螺旋轴扭矩和肥料质量流速的均值分别为4.3 N ⋅ m和0.061 5 kg/s，该施肥机构满足农艺要求，负载扭矩较低，可有效减少肥料堵塞情况，为螺旋施肥机构开发提供参考。

关键词: 甘蔗横向种植机, 螺旋输送机构, 施肥机构, 施肥堵塞, 离散元法