Abstract:  The consolidation and improvement of the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas is a powerful guarantee for the poor people to successfully get rid of poverty during poverty eradication and prevent returning to poverty. Based on the framework of sustainable livelihoods, the article uses field research and descriptive statistical analysis research methods to understand the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation in County X of Kashgar, Xinjiang. It also reveals its hidden worries about the sustainability of targeted poverty alleviation. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation in County X can be evaluated on the reduction in the number of poor people, control of poverty incidence, success of the transfer of characteristic industries and labor, and progress in infrastructure and public service construction. The livelihood environment is fragile, and it is always faced with risks. The structural imbalance between different livelihood capitals has led to a slow increase in its total growth. The lack of effective expansion of livelihood selection space, the coexistence of opportunities and challenges, and other factors have brought hidden concerns about X Countys targeted poverty alleviation. The article focuses on the improvement of the livelihood environment, the optimization of the internal system of livelihood capital, the development of the collective economy, and the further expansion of the livelihood selection space. It puts forward specific countermeasures and suggestions to help the rural poverty alleviation efforts consolidate and improve the results.

Key words:  targeted poverty alleviation, countryside, characteristic industry, sustainable livelihood framework

摘要： 农村精准扶贫成效的巩固提升是脱贫攻坚时期贫困人口顺利脱贫，防止返贫现象发生的有力保障。基于可持续生计框架，采用实地调查与描述性统计分析的研究方法，了解新疆喀什地区X县精准扶贫已取得的成效，同时也深刻揭示其在精准扶贫成效可持续性方面存在的隐忧。研究结果表明，X县精准扶贫的成效主要集中在贫困人口数量明显减少，贫困发生率得到有效控制，特色产业与劳动力转移就业初具成效，基础设施与公共服务建设取得明显进展等方面。但是由于生计环境脆弱，时刻面临风险冲击；不同生计资本之间的结构失衡，导致其总量增长缓慢；生计选择空间有效拓展不足，机遇与挑战并存等原因，带来X县精准扶贫成效的隐忧。基于此，紧紧围绕生计环境改善，生计资本内部系统优化，集体经济发展壮大，生计选择空间进一步拓展等方面，有针对性地提出有助于农村精准扶贫成效巩固提升的对策建议。

关键词: 精准扶贫, 农村, 特色产业, 可持续生计框架