Abstract: In view of the heavy structure and surplus strength of a garlic planter, the sixline garlic planter frame developed by our group was taken as the optimization object, and the optimization analysis was carried out to reduce the weight and vibration, based on the finite element method. Firstly, according to the original structure and the load case, the thickness of the outer plate, the side length of the front beam and the thickness of the ribs of the rear beam were selected as the three design variables. Based on the original sizes, 64 geometric models were established, respectively. Secondly, the static analysis, modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and random vibration analysis of these models were carried out to obtain the influence of the design variables on the equivalent stress, natural frequency and dynamic response, and all the curves equations were obtained. Finally, the genetic algorithm was used to arrive the global optimal solution. Results show that, under the premise of the static strength, the weight of the optimized frame is reduced by 27.36%, the maximum displacement of harmonic response is reduced by 3.07%, while the decrease of the maximum displacement for random vibration is small.

Key words: garlic planter, frame, finite element method, lightweight design

摘要： 针对大蒜播种机械普遍存在结构偏重、强度富余的情况，以课题组研制的六行大蒜播种机机架为优化对象，基于有限元仿真，进行以减重、减振为目标的优化设计。首先，根据机架的原始结构和受载特性，确定3个设计变量：外侧板厚度、前梁截面边长以及后梁肋板厚度。以初始尺寸为基准，取4个级别，共建立64个几何模型。其次，对这些模型分别进行静力学分析、模态分析、谐响应分析以及随机振动分析，获得设计变量的变化对结构等效应力、固有频率以及动力学响应的影响趋势，并拟合成曲线方程。最后，基于遗传算法，进行以减重、减振为目标的优化设计，得到全局最优解。结果表明，优化后的机架在满足静强度的前提下，减重27.36%，谐响应最大位移降低3.07%，而随机振动的最大位移响应降幅不大。

关键词: 大蒜播种机, 机架, 有限元, 轻量化设计