Abstract: Aiming at the difficulty of water and fertilizer control and the low intelligence of traditional irrigation and fertilization methods , an integrated water and fertilizer control system based on BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID was designed. The device aims to control the EC (conductivity) value of the mixed fertilizer solution, and introduces the BAS (Beetle Antennae Search) algorithm and the Smith predictor on the basis of the traditional fuzzy PID control algorithm. Through MATLAB/Simulink software simulation, its optimization and optimization capabilities are verified. Compared with the conventional PID and BAS—PID (alien beetle algorithm optimized PID) models, the results show that the BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID controller has excellent control performance. A single‑channel fertilizer mixing device is built based on the STM32 main control platform, the MCGS touch screen host computer is configured and the client is developed based on the Android platform for human‑computer interaction. The experimental results show that the adjustment time of BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID is shorter than that of conventional PID and BAS—PID by 17.1%, 63%, and the overshoot is reduced by 82.1%, 87.2%.

Key words: water and fertilizer integration, BAS algorithm, Fuzzy PID control, Internet of Things, Simulink simulation

摘要： 针对水肥控制难度大，传统灌溉施肥方法智能化程度较低的问题，设计一种基于BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID的物联网水肥一体化控制系统。以控制混合肥液的EC（电导率）值为目标，在传统模糊PID控制算法的基础上引入BAS（天牛须搜索）算法和Smith预估器。通过MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真，验证其寻优和优化能力，对比常规PID、BAS—PID模型，结果表明，BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID控制器拥有优异控制性能。基于STM32主控平台搭建单通道混肥装置，配置MCGS触摸屏上位机并基于Android平台开发客户端进行人机交互，试验结果表明，BAS—Smith—Fuzzy PID的调节时间对比常规PID、BAS—PID缩短17.1%、63%、超调量降低82.1%、87.2%。

关键词: 水肥一体化, BAS算法, 模糊PID控制, 物联网, Simulink仿真