Abstract: In order to study the vibration characteristics of maize notillage seeder and the influence of vibration on the leakage index and reseeding index of the seeder, a vibration test system composed of vibration acceleration sensor, charge amplifier and USB acquisition card was set up. A vibration test was carried out to collect the vibration signal of the sowing operation during the notillage surface operation of the corn notill planter. Due to the complex working environment in the field, the IIR filter in the classical filtering method was used to filter out other highfrequency interference signals of the collected vibration signals. The time domain analysis was carried out on the vibration signals collected in the field, and the mean square value was used as the time domain analysis index value. The analysis results showed that the root mean square of vibration acceleration increased linearly with the increase of operating speed and rotational speed of rotary tillage, and the rotational speed and operating speed of rotary tillage were the main factors that caused the vibration of corn notill planter. The order of influence  was: rotary tillage speed > working speed. Through using the quadratic integration method to analyze the collected signals in the field, it was concluded that the maximum vibration displacement of the planter was 16.004 mm. The vibration signal was analyzed in the frequency domain, and the power spectral density was obtained by the direct method. The results showed that the vibration frequency of the corn notill planter was mainly between 0-100 Hz. The frequency distribution and rotary tillage speed had a great influence. According to the working parameters obtained from the field vibration signal, a vibration test bench was built, and the vibration frequency, vibration amplitude and working speed of the seeder were used as test factors, and the pass index and missed seeding index were used as evaluation indicators to conduct a threefactor and threelevel response surface test. The analysis results showed that the working speed, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency had significant effects on the pass index and missed broadcast index. The order of the influence of each factor on the qualification index  was: vibration amplitude, working speed and vibration frequency, the order of each factor on the missed seeding index  was: vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and working speed. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical reference for reducing the vibration of maize notill seeder and optimizing the finger clip seed feeder.

Key words: corn no-tillage seeder, finger-clip seed metering device, vibration, time-frequency analysis, seeding performance

摘要： 为研究玉米免耕播种机振动特性以及振动对排种器漏播指数和重播指数的影响，搭建一套由振动加速度传感器、电荷放大器、USB采集卡组成的播种作业振动测试系统，在玉米免耕播种机免耕地表作业时进行振动测试采集播种作业的振动信号。因田间工作环境复杂，使用经典滤波法中的IIR滤波器滤除所采集振动信号中其他高频干扰信号，对田间采集振动信号进行时域分析，均方值作为时域分析指标值。结果表明：振动加速度均方根随着作业速度和旋耕机转速的增加呈线性增加，旋耕机转速和作业速度是引起玉米免耕播种机振动的主要因素,影响顺序为：旋耕机转速＞作业速度。使用二次积分法对田间采集信号进行分析，得出播种机作业时最大振动位移为16.004mm,对振动信号进行频域分析，使用直接法求出功率谱密度。结果表明：玉米免耕播种机振动频率主要在0~100Hz之间,频率分布与旋耕机转速影响较大。根据田间振动信号所得工作参数搭建振动试验台，以播种机振动频率、振动幅值、作业速度为试验因素，合格指数、漏播指数为评价指标进行3因素3水平响应面试验。结果表明：作业速度、振动幅值和振动频率对合格指数和漏播指数影响较为显著。各因素对合格指数影响顺序为：振动幅值、作业速度、振动频率；各因素对漏播指数影响顺序为：振动幅值、振动频率、作业速度。研究结果可为降低玉米免耕播种机振动和优化指夹式排种器提供理论参考。

关键词: 玉米免耕播种机, 指夹式排种器, 振动, 时频分析, 排种性能