Abstract: As an important part of the fertilizer applicator, the drainage performance of the fertilizer drainage device will directly affect the growth and yield of crops. When the small hole fertilizer applicator works in the field, due to the different driving speed, uneven surface and other factors, it will cause greater vibration to the fertilizer discharging device of the fertilizer spreader and reduce the accuracy of fertilizer discharge. In this paper, the discharge performance of the fertilizer discharging device of the fertilizer spreader under different vibration conditions is analyzed by discrete element simulation. The results show that the drainage axle has the best fertilization performance when the vibration acceleration is 34.67m/s2, the effective working length of the displacement axle is 50mm, and the speed is 10r/min. In the case of vibration settings, the amount of fertilizer discharge increases with the increase of vibration acceleration, and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer displacement increases first and then decreases with the increase of vibration acceleration. Without vibration conditions, there is little difference in the amount of fertilizer discharged from a single hole. Field experiments were carried out to analyze the drainage performance of the drainage apparatus under different excitation conditions, and when the excitation was 0cm, 3cm and 6cm, the relative errors of the fertilization amount of the field experiment and the simulation test were 4.53%, 3.84% and 2.85%, respectively.

Key words: small hole fertilizer, vibration, drainage performance, discrete element simulation, outer groove wheel drain

摘要： 外槽轮排肥器作为施肥机的重要组成部分，其排肥性能会直接影响农作物的长势和产量。小型穴施肥机在田间工作时，由于行驶速度不同、地表不平整等因素，会对施肥机外槽轮排肥器造成较大的振动，降低排肥精度。对施肥机外槽轮排肥器在不同振动工况下的排肥性能进行离散元仿真模拟分析。结果表明：排肥轮轴分别在振动加速度为3467m/s2、排肥轮轴有效工作长度为50mm、转速为10 r/min时，排肥性能最好。有振动设置的情况下，排肥量随着振动加速度的增大而增大，排肥量变异系数随着振动加速度的增大先增大后减小。没有振动条件设置时，单穴排肥量差异不大。开展田间试验，对不同激振条件下的外槽轮排肥器排肥性能进行分析，激振为0cm、3cm和6cm时，田间试验和仿真试验的排肥量相对误差分别为453%、384%和285%，表明利用仿真试验进行振动对排肥性能的影响研究具有可行性。

关键词: 小型穴施肥机, 振动, 排肥性能, 离散元仿真, 外槽轮排肥器