Abstract: In order to improve the adaptability of orchard transport machinery, an adaptability evaluation system of the product system is established. This paper analyzes the functional requirements and functional independence based on the perspective of user requirements with the framework of AD theory as a guide. The design parameters to achieve the adaptive functions are separated out by the mapping of functiondesign parameters in the design process, and the evaluation model of the variability of agricultural machinery is constructed. Quantitative description of the variational degree of each adaptive design parameter is made based on the information entropy theory and improved TOPSIS method, and the variability evaluation of adaptive design parameters is used to meet the diverse user needs, and improve the adaptability evaluation of product ontology and product platform. The proposed method is applied to the design of a model of orchard transport cart, and the evaluation results of the design solutions are obtained: The relative closeness of solution 1 (motor leveling solution) is 0.246, and that of solution 2 (hydraulic cylinder leveling solution) is 0.18. The results show that the system adaptability of solution 1 is better than that of solution 2, which verifies the feasibility of the adaptability evaluation system, and the evaluation method can provide theoretical guidance for the development and optimization of agricultural machinery and equipment.

Key words: adaptability, orchard transport trolley, information entropy, improved TOPSIS, evaluation methods

摘要： 为提高果园运输机械的可适应性，建立产品系统的适应性评价体系。基于用户需求的角度，以AD理论为指导框架分析功能需求和功能的独立性，通过设计过程中功能—设计参数的映射，将实现适应性功能的设计参数单独划分，并构建农业机械变型度评价模型；基于信息熵理论和改进的TOPSIS方法对各适应性设计参数进行变型度的定量描述，通过适应性设计参数的变型度评价来满足多样性的用户需求，提升产品本体与产品平台的可适应性评价。将所提方法应用于某型号果园运输小车设计实例，得到设计方案评价结果：方案1(电机调平方案)的相对接近度为0.246，方案2(液压油缸调平方案)的相对接近度为0.18。结果表明方案1的系统适应性要优于方案2，验证适应性评价体系的可行性，该评价方法能够对农业机械设备的研发与优化提供理论指导。

关键词: 可适应性, 果园运输小车, 信息熵, 改进的TOPSIS, 评价方法