钾肥在旱地马铃薯栽培技术中的应用研究

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.20955553.2022.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钾是植物生长必需的矿质元素，对农作物诸多生理过程具有重要影响。基于甘肃省白银市所开展的钾肥对旱地马铃薯块茎生长特性影响的试验研究，分析马铃薯在干旱气候条件下对钾元素掠夺性吸收的生物学机理及其缺钾形态表现，评估不同栽培方式与施钾水平对马铃薯块茎个数、外观、晚疫病抗性的影响，探讨不同茬次对马铃薯产量的影响规律，研究马铃薯栽培技术中钾肥的科学应用。结果显示，钾肥的科学、合理施加以及地膜栽培方式对于马铃薯中型块茎的形成、改善外观品相、提高晚疫病抗性均具有积极作用。并对马铃薯栽培方式进行优化，推荐马铃薯种植面积不超过耕地总面积的三分之一，采取三类作物以三年为周期轮作栽培。遵循“基肥为主，追肥为辅”的模式，制定马铃薯施肥推荐方案，以优质农家肥为主，按基肥、苗肥、花肥、块茎膨大期追肥分阶段施加，其中推荐基肥施加适宜范围为22 500~37 500 kg/hm2；出苗及现蕾开花期追肥2~3次，施加腐熟猪粪3 000 kg/hm2，并配合磷酸钾、磷酸二铵等600~750 kg/hm2为参考标准；块茎膨大期视情况补施磷酸钾、磷酸二铵450~600 kg/hm2或不补。

关键词: 旱作农业, 马铃薯, 钾肥, 块茎, 栽培技术, 施肥方案

Abstract: Potassium is a critical mineral element for plant growth, which has an important effect on many physiological processes of crops. Based on the experimental investigation of the potassicfertilizer effect on the dryland potato growth characteristics, the biological mechanism of potassium predatory absorption and potassium deficiency appearance were analyzed under arid climate conditions. Then, the effects of different cultivation methods and potassicfertilizer application levels on potato tuber number, appearance, and late blight resistance were analyzed. Moreover, the effects of different stubbles on potato yield were discussed, and the potassicfertilizer scientific application was studied in potato cultivation technology. The results showed that scientific and reasonable application of potassium fertilizer and plastic film cultivation had positive effects on the formation of medium tuber, improvement of appearance, and resistance to late blight. In this paper, the potato cultivation method was optimized. It was recommended that potato planting area should not exceed onethird of the total cultivated area, and three types of crops should be cultivated in a threeyear cycle. According to the principle of “base fertilizer as the main fertilizer, topdressing as the auxiliary”, the recommended potato fertilization scheme was put forward. The main fertilizer was farmyard manure, which was applied in different stages, including base fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, flower fertilizer, and supplementary fertilizer. Among them, the recommended range of base fertilizer was 22 500-37 500 kg/hm2. The fertilizer was applied 2-3 times at the emergence, budding and flowering stages, and the reference standard was 3 000 kg/hm2 of decomposed pig manure combined with 600-750 kg/hm2 of potassium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. According to the situation, none or 450-600 kg/hm2of potassium phosphate and diammonium phosphate were supplemented during the tuber expansion stage.

Key words: dryland agriculture, potato, potassic fertilizer, tuber, cultivation technology, fertilization scheme

中图分类号:

TP391.41

刘玉荣, 贾双勤, 强生军, 段文霞. 钾肥在旱地马铃薯栽培技术中的应用研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2022, 43(2): 121-126.

Liu Yurong, Jia Shuangqin, Qiang Shengjun, Duan Wenxia.. Application of potassic fertilizer in potato cultivation in dryland[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2022, 43(2): 121-126.

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