遗留棉捡拾收获机械发展现状与展望

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉花作为我国重要的经济作物，采棉机收获后仍有较多的棉花遗留在棉田，造成严重的资源浪费。随着我国棉花生产全程机械化水平的发展，现有的收获技术制约着遗留棉收获机械产业的发展，遗留棉机械化收获存在的问题逐渐凸显，遗留棉机械化收获体系亟待完善。国内外现有的遗留棉捡拾收获机械可分为静电吸附式、机械式以及气力式，通过总结遗留棉捡拾收获机械的结构、特点以及工作原理，指明现阶段遗留棉捡拾收获机械存在机型多杂、无统一的作业质量标准和规范、棉纤维损伤严重、含杂率高、适应性和可靠性差等问题，并对遗留棉捡拾收获机械未来的发展提出对策建议，未来遗留棉捡拾收获机械发展应全面面向标准化、集成化、智能化、拥有更强的适应性与可靠性，以满足不断发展的棉花产业需求。为遗留棉捡拾收获机械的改进优化提供方向和思路。

关键词: 遗留棉, 采棉机, 捡拾收获机械, 静电吸附式, 机械式, 气力式

Abstract:

As an important economic crop in our country, cotton is still left in the cotton field after the harvest of cotton picker, resulting in serious waste of resources. With the development of the whole mechanization level of cotton production in our country, the existing harvesting technology restricts the development of the legacy cotton harvesting machinery industry. The problems existing in the mechanized harvesting of legacy cotton have gradually become prominent, and the mechanized harvesting system of legacy cotton needs to be improved urgently. The existing leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery at home and abroad can be divided into electrostatic adsorption type, mechanical type and pneumatic type. By summarizing the structure, characteristics and working principle of the leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery, it is pointed out that at this stage, the leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery has many models, no unified operation quality standards and specifications, serious damage to cotton fibers, high impurity content, poor adaptability and reliability, and the countermeasures and suggestions for the future development of the leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery are put forward. The future development of the leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery should be fully oriented towards standardization, integration and intelligence, and have stronger adaptability and reliability to meet the needs of the constantly developing cotton industry. It provides direction and ideas for the improvement and optimization of the leftover cotton picking and harvesting machinery.

Key words: legacy cotton, cotton picker, picking and harvesting machinery, electrostatic adsorption type, mechanical type, pneumatic type

中图分类号:

S223.9

何磊, 卢雨, 宋龙, 王风磊, 温浩军, . 遗留棉捡拾收获机械发展现状与展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2025, 46(6): 40-45.

He Lei, , , Lu Yu, Song Long, Wang Fenglei, Wen Haojun, . Development status and prospect of legacy cotton picking and harvesting machinery[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2025, 46(6): 40-45.

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