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中国农机化学报

中国农机化学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 33-39.DOI: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2025.06.006

• 农业装备工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉秆拔秆粉碎一体收获台设计与试验

廖培旺,于家川,邵蓉蓉,刘凯凯,张爱民,宋科   

  1. (滨州市农业科学院,山东滨州,256600)
  • 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-05-21
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(NJYTHSD—202313);山东省棉花产业技术体系滨州综合试验站(SDAIT—03—14);滨州市农社领域科技创新政策引导计划项目(2023KTPY004)

Design and test of cotton stalk pulling and crushing integrated harvesting platform

Liao Peiwang, Yu Jiachuan, Shao Rongrong, Liu Kaikai, Zhang Aimin, Song Ke   

  1. (Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Binzhou, 256600, China)
  • Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-05-21

摘要:

针对棉秆拔秆效果差、拔秆后直接进行压捆质量差等问题,设计一种配套自走式棉秆联合收获打捆机使用的棉秆拔秆粉碎一体收获台,能够一次性完成拔秆、粉碎和输送功能。该收获台通过安装有松土叶片和拔秆齿板的拔秆机构将棉秆从田间拔除,可以提高拔净率,降低拔断率;通过拔秆机构和粉碎机构的配合作业将拔除后的棉秆进行粉碎,可以提高棉秆后续压捆作业的压捆质量。田间性能对比试验结果显示,在机具前进速度、拔秆机构入土深度、拔秆机构转速、粉碎机构转速、输送辊转速和棉秆压缩频率分别为1.2 m/s、0.1 m、135 r/min、1 800 r/min、350 r/min和110次/min时,机具的棉秆拔净率、棉秆拔断率、压捆密度、成捆率、抗摔率和规则棉捆率分别为98.4%、1.31%、159.28 kg/m3、98.5%、99.48%和99.78%;与棉秆不对行拔秆台对比,各试验性能指标分别提高4.79%、-63.61%、8.83%、2.48%、3.73%和1.51%,表明所设计的棉秆拔秆粉碎一体收获台作业性能有显著提高。

关键词: 棉秆拔秆, 粉碎一体收获台, 拔秆机构, 粉碎机构, 输送辊

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of poor cotton stalk pulling effect and poor quality of direct compression after pulling, the paper designs a cotton stalk pulling and crushing integrated harvesting platform for self‑propelled cotton stalk combine harvest baler, which can complete the functions of pulling, crushing and conveying at one time. Cotton stalks can be removed from the field using cotton stalk pulling mechanism equipped with soil loosening blades and pulling cotton stalk tooth plate, which can improve the pulling rate and reduce the breakage rate of cotton stalk. By coordinating the operation of the cotton stalk pulling mechanism and the crushing mechanism, the pulled cotton stalks can be crushed, which can improve the quality of subsequent bundling operations. The results of field comparative test showed that when forward speed of the machine, burying depth of cotton stalk pulling mechanism, rotation speed of cotton stalk pulling mechanism, rotation speed of crushing mechanism, rotation speed of conveying roller, and compression frequency of cotton stalk were 1.2 m/s, 0.1 m, 135 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 350 r/min and 110 times/min, the pulling rate, the breakage rate, baling density, baling rate, falling resistance rate and regular cotton baling rate of the machine were 98.4%, 1.31%, 159.28 kg/m3, 98.5%, 99.48% and 99.78%. The performance indicators of each test were improved by 4.79%, -63.61%, 8.83%, 2.48%, 3.73% and 1.51% respectively compared with the cotton stalk non parallel pulling platform, which indicated significant improvement in the operational performance of the cotton stalk pulling and crushing integrated harvesting platform designed in the paper.

Key words: cotton stalk pulling, crushing integrated harvesting platform, pulling mechanism, crushing mechanism, coverying roller

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