关键词: 采棉机, 作业质量, 作业效率, 综合测评, 推广应用

Abstract: Xinjiang is the largest and most advantageous cotton producing area in China, and also the main application area for domestically produced cotton harvesters. In order to comprehensively understand the performance quality and promotion application of domestic cotton picking machines, the Agricultural Mechanization General Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs conducted a comprehensive evaluation and promotion application research of domestic cotton picking machines in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The results show that the number of cotton harvesters in Xinjiang exceeds 8 900, and the equipment quantity is in a saturated state. The equipment structure is being updated through selection, accelerating the transition from box type cotton harvesters for loose flower harvesting to packaging cotton harvesters for wrapped harvesting. The proportion of domestically produced cotton picking machines in Xinjiang is 58%, and more than 90% of the newly added machines are domestically produced cotton picking machines. The annual production capacity of domestically produced cotton balers exceeds 1 600 units, which can meet the demand for purchasing machines in Xinjiang. The inventory of domestically produced cotton balers has reached 69%, forming a substitution advantage for imported machinery. The overall domestication rate of domestically produced packaging and cotton picking machines is over 96%. Compared with imported old models, they have achieved parallel operation quality and significantly reduced the gap in operation efficiency. Through analysis, it is proposed that shortcomings need to be addressed in improving the quality of domestic manufacturing, developing key core components, and focusing on intelligent control software to catch up with the latest foreign technologies; At the same time, we should speed up the development and application of cotton topping machines, highefficiency suspender spray and other supporting machines and tools, strengthen the treatment of residual film pollution in cotton fields, further improve the standardization of the whole process mechanized production mode of cotton in southern Xinjiang and other parts of the country, and create good conditions for the promotion and application of domestic cotton pickers.

Key words: cotton picking machine, operating quality； operational efficiency； comprehensive evaluation, promotion and application