芦蒿机械化作业模式与作业效果综合评价

doi:10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2023.12.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 芦蒿是江苏省重要的特色野菜品种之一，经过两年试验示范，在收获关键环节作业机具优化改进基础上，建立芦蒿全程机械化生产技术模式，实现芦蒿灭茬、深松、撒肥、旋耕起垄、移栽、植保、灌溉、收获、田间运输机械化作业。对全程机具进行作业性能测试和作业成本核算，开展芦蒿全程机械化作业与原人工作业的经济性分析与比较。结果表明，伏秋模式机械化作业综合成本为6 85837元/hm2，冬春模式机械化作业综合成本为6 65740元/hm2，机械化伏秋芦蒿生产可节约人工费6952%，机械化冬春芦蒿生产可节约人工费5562%，显著降低人力支出，具有良好的推广应用前景。各环节的综合作业成本中，移栽、深松和收获的作业成本约占总作业成本的65%，应进一步降低机械化移栽成本。

关键词: 芦蒿, 机械化生产, 作业性能, 综合测评, 经济性分析

Abstract: Artemisia selengensis is one of the important characteristic wild vegetable species in Jiangsu Province. After two years of experiment, based on the harvesting machine optimization, the mechanization production technology mode of Artemisia selengensis was established, which realized the mechanization of stubble mowing, subsoiling, fertilizer spreading, rototilling and ridging, transplanting, insecticide spraying, irrigation, harvesting and transportation. The results showed that the comprehensive cost of mechanized operation was 6 858.37 Yuan/hm2 in the autumn mode and 6 657.40 Yuan/hm2 in the winterspring mode. The mechanized production could save 69.52% and 55.62% in autumn mode and winterspring mode, which significantly reduced labor expenses and had good application prospects. However, the operation cost of transplanting, subsoiling and harvesting account for about 65% of the total operation cost, so the reduction of mechanization transplanting cost is needed.

Key words: Artemisia selengensis, mechanized production, operational effect, comprehensive evaluation, economical analysis

中图分类号:

S222： S223： S225

杨雅婷, 唐啸风, 倪文俊, 於锋, 姚晓娟, 陈永生. 芦蒿机械化作业模式与作业效果综合评价[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2023, 44(12): 232-238.

Yang Yating, Tang Xiaofeng, Ni Wenjun, Yu Feng, Yao Xiaojuan, Chen Yongsheng. Comprehensive evaluation of mechanized operation mode and operation effect of Artemisia selengensis[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 44(12): 232-238.

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