As one of the key components of grain combine harvesters, the performance of the screening device significantly influences the overall efficiency and working quality of the machine's operation. Given the diversity of agricultural materials and the complexity of operating environments, optimizing the screening device is essential for improving machine harvesting efficiency, reducing cleaning loss rates, and minimizing impurity content. This study provides a detailed review of the main types and characteristics of screening devices used in grain combine harvesters in China and abroad, comparing traditional and novel screen designs and configurations. Key factors such as sieve types, multi‑layer sieve body configurations, sieve body materials, and sieve body parameters were systematically analyzed to evaluate their impact on screening performance. Additionally, the effects of vibrating screens with varying degrees of freedom on the motion and efficiency of the sieve body was investigated. The analysis also examined the influence of monitoring device structure, installation location, and adaptive control strategies on the performance of the screening unit, with particular attention to loss monitoring and adaptive control optimization. In view of the existing challenges facing screening device, such as sieve hole clogging, high operational noise, and low levels of intelligence, this study proposes development directions emphasizing modularity, intelligence, and universality. These recommendations align with the intelligent modernization of agriculture in China and aim to prove a theoretical foundation for improving the performance of screening devices in grain combine harvesters.