关键词: 河蟹, 智能投饵装备, 无人机, 无人船, 适用性能, 投饵试验

Abstract: In the process of shrimp and crab breeding, the feed was thrown along the pond and manually rowed, which could not be fed evenly. There were some problems, such as low feed utilization rate, low feed operation efficiency, affecting the water quality of the pond, high labor intensity, large randomness of feed throwing, poor distribution consistency and uniformity, etc. The operational performance of pellet feed spreading UAV and intelligent feeding ship was tested by measuring the feeding ability, feeding damage rate, maximum feeding width, route planning ability, driving trajectory accuracy and endurance ability of autonomous control mode. The efficiency of machines was tested by measuring productivity, feeding efficiency ratio and economic benefit. The test results showed that the feeding capacities of the pellet feeding UAV and the intelligent feeding ship were 2.04-35.10 kg/min and 0.75-3.02 kg/min respectively, their average damage rates were 0.28% and 2.07% respectively, their average maximum feeding widths were 14.85 m and 10.402 m respectively, their route planning abilities were automatic planning and manual planning respectively, their maximum horizontal yaw distances of travel trajectory accuracy were -0.17 m and -0.73 m respectively, their shift hourly productivities were 7.918 hm2/h and 3.841 hm2/h respectively, and their feeding efficiency ratios were 53.24% and -25.66% respectively, their average costs per square kilometer were 1 867.05 yuan and 5 244.6 yuan respectively. Both models carried out intelligent feeding operation of pellet feed. The pellet feed spreading UAV could continuously feed between multiple ponds without manual handling machines. The efficiency, reliability and transfer flexibility of feeding operation were higher than intelligent feeding ship and manual feeding operation. And the UAV operation was not affected by the shape and size of pond, water and grass coverage, oxygenation pipeline, wire arrangement, etc. The intelligent feeding ship could carry out feeding operation in rainy, windy and other bad weather. The duration of operation was long, and charging once could meet the feeding operation on the same day. Feeding and pesticide application could be completed at one time.

Key words: river crab, intelligent feeding equipment；UAV, unmanned ship, applicable performance；feeding test